3.1 Energy Balance Flashcards
What is the defintion of energy balance?
defined as a state when one’s energy intake is equivalent to the amount of energy expended
What is the definition of a positive energy balance?
occurs when more calories are consumed than expended
What are examples of when we have a positive energy balance?
pregnancy
childhood growth spurts
How many extra calories per day can lead to one pound of weight gain a week?
500 calories
What is hyperplasia?
increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of growth
What is hypertrophy?
increase in the size of fat cells
When does hypertrophy occur?
periods of low growth and maintenance such as adulthood
What is negative energy balance?
occurs when fewer calories are consumed than expended
What are examples of when negative energy balance occurs?
illness
trauma
intentional act to lose weight
What are the two methods in which energy can be expended?
naturally
intentionally
What are natural methods of expending energy?
basal metabolism
thermic effect of food
thermogenesis
What are intentional methods of expending energy?
exercise
physical activity
What is basal metabolic rate?
number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state
What percentage of energy expenditure does BMR account for?
60-70%
What are some reasons that BMR can vary?
gender
lean body mass
body size
body temperate
age
nervous system activity
caffeine intake
tobacco
