2.3 Macronutrients: Carbohydrates Part 3 Flashcards
What is lactose intolerance?
when an individual lacks the ability to make lactase or only makes a small amount and cannot breakdown lactase
How are most monosaccharides absorbed?
actively; requires energy and carrier protein
How is fructose absorbed?
facilitated absorption; requires carrier protein but no energy
After absorption where do monosaccharides go?
transported into the liver; either released into the bloodstream, stored as glycogen for later use, or used for fat production
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
provide calories to the body as a source of fuel
What relies on glucose as their sole source of fuel?
muscles
red blood cells
What can the brain or nervous system use in the event there is no glucose?
ketones
What is protein sparing?
preservation of protein
What is ketosis?
using fat for energy
What is gluconeogenesis?
process of converting protein derived from muscle into glucose for fuel
What is the optimal blood glucose level?
70-100 mg/dl
How does the body regulate blood glucose levels?
insulin and glucose
What produces insulin?
pancreas
When is insulin released?
when blood glucose levels rise
What two main actions occur when blood glucose levels rise?
- liver takes up glucose from blood and stores it as glycogen
- muscles, adipose tissue, and various cells absorb the glucose into their cells
