2.5 Macronutrients: Fats Part 2 Flashcards
What are trans-unsaturated fats?
type of partially hydrogenated unsaturated fat that is largely a byproduct of the food industry
What are sources of trans-unsaturated fats?
margarine
shortening
deep fried foods
What is hydrogenation?
process of converting unsaturated fats into saturated fats by adding hydrogen atoms which breaks the double bonds
What adverse health affect can saturated and trans fats have?
raise cholesterol levels
How are triglycerides formed?
from three fatty acids bonding together with a glycerol molecule
What are the three main functions of triglycerides?
- source of energy
- provide insulation and protection
- serve as a carrier for fat soluble vitamins
What are phospholipids composed of?
phosphate group and two fatty acid cchains linked together by a glycerol molecule
What are the three main functions of phospholipids?
- formation of cell membranes
- lipoprotein transportation
- emulsifiers
What are sources of phospholipids?
egg yolk
peanuts
liver
soybeans
What are sterols?
class of lipid that includes hormones (steroids) and cholesterol
Do we need to ingest cholesterol?
no; our liver can make all of the cholesterol required by the body
Where is the primary site of fat digestion and absorption?
small intestine
What is lipase?
fat digesting enzymes produced by the salivary glands and the stomach that begin the initial digestion of fats
How does the gallbladder aid in fat digestion?
secretes bile which digests and emulsifies fats for absorption
What organ secretes lipase?
pancreas
