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4/15 Flashcards

1
Q

Galactosemia signs and inheritance and tx

A 
Jaundice
hepatomegaly
vomiting
failure to thrive
cataracts
e.coli sepsis
AR
Soy formula
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2
Q

Congenital rubella signs

A

jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly
cataracts
microencephaly
pda

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3
Q

Gaucher Dz etiology, features,managment

A

AR, Glucobrosidase def, acumulation in macrophages

splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
bone pain
failure to thrive
delayed puberty 
anemia 
thrombocytopenia
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4
Q

GI complication of HSP

A

intussuception

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5
Q

post amputation pain weeks to months later

A

post traumatic neuroma

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6
Q

what do papillary thyroid tumors look like

A

large cells with ground glass cytoplasm and pale nuclei containing inclusion bodies and central grooving

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7
Q

only modifiable risk factor associated with crohns severity

A

smoking

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8
Q

GI thing that increases risk for diverticulosis

A

obesity. Diabeties does not

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9
Q

succunylcholine SE

A

cardiac affhthmia from hyper k. sodium influx k outflux

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10
Q

watershed areas colon

A

spleni. flexure

rectosigmoid junction

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11
Q

what gifts can be accepted from pharmaceutical companies

A

small ones that directly benifit patient care

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12
Q

test prior to starting transtuzumab

A

echo

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13
Q

ptt in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

increased, binds to testing assay

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14
Q

imantinib moa

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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15
Q

conditions associated with diabetes 1

A

Rubella
coxsackie
mumps

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16
Q

Biguanide example, MOA, SE

A

metformin
Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, increases insulin sensitivity
GI disturbances, lactic acidosis, decreased b12 absorption, contraindicated in liver and kidney failure

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17
Q

Sulfonylureas example, MOA, SE

A

glyburide
stimulates insulin release
Hypoglycemia, contraindicated hepatic or renal failure

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18
Q

Thiazolidiones example, MOA, SE

A

pioglitazone
increase insulin sensitivity, decrease liver production
weight gain, fluid retention, increase ldl, contraindicated chi

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19
Q

DPP IV inhibitors example, MOA, SE

A

sitagliptin
inhibits incretin depredation, = decrease glucagon =increased insulin
diarrhea, constipation, edema

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20
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors example, MOA, SE

A

dapagliflozin
inhibits renal absorption of glucose
genital fungal infections, uti, mild hypoglycemiaw

21
Q

which thyroid cancer makes calcitonin

A

medullary

22
Q

what affect does calcitonin have on bone reabsorption

A

inhibits

23
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A

ACTH, GH , Prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH

24
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

ADH, Oxytocin

25
Q

Excess prolactin results in _____ FSH and LH

A

Decreased

26
Q

What is elevated acromegaly

A

IGF-1

27
Q

TX for acromegaly

A

dopamine agonists or octreotide

28
Q

Zona Glomerulosa stimulation, secretly products, result

A

RAS
Aldosterone
conserves Na maintains fluid volume

29
Q

Zona Fasciculata stimulation, secretly products, result

A

ACTH
Cortisol
Maintains glucose production, fat metabolism, immune response, nervous regulation

30
Q

Zona Reticularis stimulation, secretly products, result

A

ACTH
Androgens
2ndary sex characteristic, bone and muscle mass, male sexual differentiation and sperm production

31
Q

Medulla stimulation, secretly products, result

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
epi/norepi
sympathetic effects (glucose mobilization, increased contractility, and increases HR)

32
Q

K+ and pH in cushings

A

decreased, metabolic alkalosis

33
Q

sx of cortisol excess first test

A

overnight low dose dexamethasone suppression

34
Q

low cortisol following overnight low dose dexamethasone suppression

A

sx not due to intrinsic cause, probably too much exogenous administration

35
Q

no change in cortisol following low dose dexamethasone suppression, next test

A

24 hr free urinary cortisol test

36
Q

normal 24 hr free urinary cortisol test

A

not cushings

37
Q

high 24 hr free urinary cortisol test (cushings) next step

A

high dose dexamethasone suppression test

38
Q

suppressed after high dose dexamethasone suppression test

A

Pituitary Adenoma

39
Q

Not suppressed after high dose dexamethasone suppression test next test

A

ACTH

40
Q

Not suppressed after high dose dexamethasone suppression test with high ACTH

A

non adrenal acth secreting tumore

41
Q

Not suppressed after high dose dexamethasone suppression test with low ACTH

A

Adrenal tumor

42
Q

tx for 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency

A

cortisol replacement, raise as female give estrogen and progesterone, male may want reconstructive surgery

43
Q

tx for 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency

A

cortisol replacement, mineralocorticosteroid deficiency, reconstructive surgery

44
Q

tx for 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency

A

cortisol replacement , antihypertensive

45
Q

MEN 2 mutation

A

RET protooncogen

46
Q

MEN 1 tumors

A

Pituitary, Pancreases- look out for zollinger-ellison, Parathyroid

47
Q

MEN 2A tumors

A

Parathyroid, Pheo, Medullary Thyroid

48
Q

MEN2B tumors

A

Neurofibroma, Pheo, Medullary Thyroid, look out for marfanoid body

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