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4/14 Flashcards

1
Q

what does hemorrhagic stoke from av malformation look like on ct

A

hyperdensefluid collection with irregular margins

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2
Q

what markers are elevated in rheumatic fever

A

esr

crp

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3
Q

what does rsv cause

A

bronchiolitis

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4
Q

what is hyposthenuria

A

low urine osmolarity despite fluid restriction, normal serum sodium. Common in sickle cell

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5
Q

2nd line otitis media

A

amoc-clauv

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6
Q

pen allergic otitis media

A

clindamycin or azithromycin

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7
Q

bartonella henselae tx

A

azithromycin

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8
Q

intraventricular hemorrhage signs

A

seizures or apnea
full fontanel
acute anemia
can be asymptomatic

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9
Q

primary risk factor intraventricular hemorrhage

A

prematurity-germinal matrix not developed enough

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10
Q

what is spondylolisthesis and what are sx

A

forward slip of vertebral body. persistant back pain in child or adolesent on lumbar extension. step off. can cause radiculopathy

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11
Q

what neuro thing does tet of fallot increase risk for

A

brain abscess, r to l shunt allows bacteria to by pass pulm circulation so less phagocytosis

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12
Q

Gross motor milestones 2m,4m,6m,9m,12m

A 
2 = lifts head/chest in prone position
4 = sits with trunck support, begins rolling
6=sits momentarily propped on hands
9 = pulls to stand, cruises
12 = sstands wellwalks first steps
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13
Q

Fine motor milestones 2m, 4m, 6m, 9m, 12m

A

2 =hands unfisted 50%, tracks past midline
4 = hands mostly open, reaches midline
6 = transfers objects hand to hand
9 =3 finger pincer grasp, holds bottle or cup
12 = 2 finger pincer

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14
Q

Language milestones 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m

A 
2 = coos, alert to sound
4 = laugh, turn to voice
6 = responds to name, babbles
9= mama dada
12 = other words
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15
Q

social/cog milestones 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m

A 
2 = social smile, recognizes parents
4 = enjoys looking around
6 = stranger anxiety
9 = waves bye, pat-a-cake
12 = separation anxiety, comes when called
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16
Q

double birth weight by _____and triple by____

A

4 months, 1 year (height increases by 50%)

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17
Q

tinea capitus tx

A

oral griseofulvin or terbinafine

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18
Q

anaphylaxis blood first blood transfusion

A

selective IgA def

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19
Q

central stellate scar on well circumscribed solitary hypodense liver nodule

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia, common in women 20-50

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20
Q

electrolyte abnormality rcc

A

hypercalcemia

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21
Q

most common cause of cervical myelopathy

A

spondylosis

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22
Q

how to check for gastric cancer

A

EGD

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23
Q

how often is afp elevated hcc

A

50%

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24
Q

3 indications to test for pheo

A

classic triad:ha, tachy, sweating
Resistant htn with unexplained increase in glucose
Family hs of Men2, NF1, VHL

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25
Q

Cancers associated with VVHL

A

cerebellar and retinal hemangioblastomas
pheos
rcc (clear)
Autosomal dominant

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26
Q

pre eclampsia increases mothers risk of

A

stroke

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27
Q

why can epidurals cause hypotension

A

nerve fibers for vascular tone blocked = venous pooling

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28
Q

post delivery: difficulty ambulating, radiating suprapubic pain, pubic symphysis pain, intact neuro exam dx?

A

pubic symphysis diastasis, treat conservatively

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29
Q

extra lab at initial visit high risk pre e

A

24 hr urine protein

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30
Q

atypical glandular cells on pap test next steps

A

endometrial biopsy. also do postmenopausal bleeding if over 45

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31
Q

besides epithelial ovarian cancer what else can elevate ca125

A

tubo-ovarian access. c reactive protein will also be elevated

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32
Q

where us blasto mycosis and what are its sx

A

great lakes, PNA, weight loss, lytic lesions, skin lesions

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33
Q

where is coccidioidomycosis endemic

A

southwest

34
Q

esr and ck in steroid induced myopathy-

A

normal

35
Q

ESR/CK in statin myopathy

A

ESR = normal
CK = elevated
same as hypothyroid myopathy

36
Q

ESR/CK in polymyalgia rheumatica

A

ESR = elevated

CK =normal

37
Q

what meds cause problems with sideifil

A

alpha blockers and nitrates

38
Q

autoimmune atrophic gastritis pathophys

A

autoimmune against parietal cells =decreased b12

39
Q

hearing loss, high alk phos

A

paget’s

40
Q

what bp med can cause hearing loss

A

loop diuretics

higher risk if kidney failure

41
Q

aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease triad

A

asthma
bronchospasm r nasal congestion after aspirin/nsaids
chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps

42
Q

tmj risk factors

A

joint trauma

psych disorder

43
Q

most common site of renal stone impaction

A

uretero vesicular junction

44
Q

radio paque stones

A

calcium oxalate (normal people), struvite, calcium phosphate (hyperparathyroid or renal tubular acidosis)

45
Q

radiolucent stones

A

uric acid(treat by alkalizing urine) and cysteine

46
Q

tumors that cause increased EPO

A

HCC, pheo, hemangioblastoma,RCC

47
Q

meds that cause acute interstitial nephritis

A 
PPI
abx
NSAIDs
allopurinol
diuretics
48
Q

acute interstitial nephritis labs

A

increased bun and creatinine
eosinophilia
maybe white blood cell casts

49
Q

post step glomerulonephritis electron micrograph

A

subepithelial humps of IgG and C3

50
Q

goodpastures fluorescent micro

A

linear

51
Q

Alport syndrome H&P + cause + EM findings

A

hematuria, renal failure, hearing loss,, eye disease, type 4 collagen defect. Split basement membraneson EM

52
Q

ANCA1 + kidney dz

A

RPGN

53
Q

c anca + kidney dz

A

Wegners

54
Q

who gets FSGS

A

HIV, Drug users, african americans, most common nephrotic overall

55
Q

foot process on EM

A

minimal change

56
Q

nephrotic syndrome with lupus and EM appearance.

A

Membranous Nephropathy , spike and dome

57
Q

Groups at risk Memranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and FM apperance

A

Heb B and C, also lupus, subactue bacterial endocarditis

train track appearance

58
Q

congo red apple green birefringence kidney dz

A

amyloidosis

59
Q

Nephritic syndromes, location and urinalysis

A

glomerulus, RBC casts

60
Q

Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis location and urinalysis

A

interstium, WBC casts, eiosinopillia for IN only

61
Q

ATN location and urinalysis

A

tubule, granular casts

62
Q

renal failure location and urinalysis

A

pre or post renal, hyaline casts

63
Q

causes of non ion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, TPN, hyperaldosteronism

64
Q

hyponatremia first decision

A

check serum osmolarity

65
Q

low serum osmolarity in hyponatremia next step

A

✔️ urine osmolarity

66
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine[ ] ,hypovolemia causes

A

Gi loss, skin loss, third spacing

67
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine [ ] euvolemia, causes

A

psychogenic polydipsia

68
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine [ ] , hypervolemia causes

A

nephrosis, cirrhosis , CHF

69
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high urine[ ] ,hypovolemia causes

A

thiazides

70
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high [ ] euvolemia, causes

A

SIADH, Hypothyroid, Addisons, MDMA, Preg

71
Q

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high [ ] , hypervolemia causes

A

Renal failure

72
Q

Hyponatremia normal serum osmols

A

Pseudohyponatremia

73
Q

Hyponatremia high serum osmols, high glucose

A

hyperglycemia

74
Q

Hyponatremia high serum osmols, normal glucose

A

manitol

75
Q

HypoK first decision

A

is there hypertension

76
Q

HypoK with HTN

A

=Hyperaldosteronism

77
Q

HypoK without HTN next ✔️

A

is there a metabolic acidocis

78
Q

Hypo K, no HTN , Metabolic acidosis

A

Renal tubular acidocis

79
Q

Hypo K, no HTN , NO Metabolic acidosis next step

A

urine K+. If >20 intrarenal loss else extrarenal loss

80
Q

Chronic blistering on sun exposed areas, liver problems.

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

tx with sunscreen (hydroxy)chloroquine

81
Q

tx for actinic keratosis

A

5flurouricil, cryo, imiquimod

step 2 (53 decks)

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