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[21] Introduction to Molecular Biology > [31] Genome Editing (CRISPR, ZFNs, TALENs) > Flashcards

[31] Genome Editing (CRISPR, ZFNs, TALENs) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Genome Editing?

A

It refers to the process of making precise modifications in the genes of organisms.

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2
Q

List the common genome editing techniques.

A
  • CRISPR
  • ZFNs
  • TALENs
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3
Q

What does CRISPR stand for?

A

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.

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4
Q

What is the role of CRISPR in genome editing?

A

It allows for precise modifications to DNA, which includes additions, deletions, or alterations to specific locations in the genome.

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5
Q

What are ZFNs?

A

Zinc Finger Nucleases are proteins used for genome editing, they bind to specific DNA sequences and create a double-strand break.

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6
Q

How does TALENs work in genome editing?

A

Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases bind to specific DNA sequences and create double-strand breaks, allowing for precise genetic modification.

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7
Q

What are the key applications of genome editing?

A
  • Disease treatment
  • Crop improvement
  • Animal breeding
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8
Q

How is genome editing used in disease treatment?

A

It can be used to modify genes causing diseases or enhance the body’s natural defenses.

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9
Q

How can genome editing improve crops?

A

It can introduce beneficial traits or remove undesirable ones, improving yield, disease resistance, or nutritional content.

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10
Q

How is genome editing used in animal breeding?

A

It can introduce beneficial traits, improve disease resistance, or increase production efficiency.

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11
Q

ZFNs - Initials

A

Zinc Finger Nucleases

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12
Q

TALENs - Initials

A

Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases

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13
Q

What are the potential ethical issues of genome editing?

A
  • Safety and unforeseen consequences
  • Potential misuse
  • Questions about altering human embryos
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14
Q

What are the main components of the CRISPR system?

A
  • Cas9 protein
  • Guide RNA
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15
Q

What is the role of Cas9 in the CRISPR system?

A

It is an enzyme that cuts DNA at the location specified by the guide RNA.

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16
Q

What is the function of guide RNA in the CRISPR system?

A

It guides the Cas9 enzyme to the correct part of the genome.

17
Q

How does genome editing work?

A

It uses molecular tools to insert, replace, or remove DNA from a specific location in the genome.

18
Q

How does ZFNs identify the specific location in the genome?

A

By using zinc finger proteins that can be engineered to recognize specific DNA sequences.

19
Q

How does TALENs identify the specific location in the genome?

A

By using TALE proteins that can be engineered to bind to specific DNA sequences.

20
Q

What are the limitations of genome editing?

A
  • Off-target effects
  • Ethical and safety concerns
  • Regulatory challenges

[21] Introduction to Molecular Biology (53 decks)

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