[30] Next Generation Sequencing Flashcards
What is Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)?
A technology that allows for fast and high-throughput sequencing of millions of DNA molecules simultaneously.
NGS - Initials
Next Generation Sequencing
What are the key applications of NGS?
- Genome sequencing
- Transcriptome profiling
- Detection of epigenetic changes
What is Genome sequencing in the context of NGS?
It refers to determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome.
What is Transcriptome profiling in NGS?
It refers to sequencing all the RNA in a cell to analyze the cell’s transcriptome, or the set of all RNA molecules.
What does the detection of epigenetic changes in NGS mean?
It refers to identifying changes in gene activity that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence itself, but by factors like DNA methylation.
How does NGS work?
By breaking down the DNA into short fragments and sequencing them simultaneously, then reconstructing the original sequence using bioinformatics.
What is the role of bioinformatics in NGS?
To analyze and interpret the vast amount of data generated by NGS.
What are some advantages of NGS over traditional sequencing methods?
- High-throughput
- Greater speed
- Lower cost per base of sequence
How is NGS used in personalized medicine?
It’s used to identify genetic mutations linked to diseases, which helps tailor treatment to the individual’s genetic makeup.
How does NGS contribute to evolutionary biology?
It allows for large-scale comparison of genomes across different species.
How is NGS used in microbiology?
It enables sequencing of entire microbial communities directly from environmental samples.
What are some challenges of NGS?
- Need for high computational capacity
- Managing and storing large volumes of data
- Interpreting complex results
What is personalized medicine?
Medical practice that customizes healthcare to an individual’s genetic makeup.
What is evolutionary biology?
The study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.
What is microbiology?
The study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
What is high-throughput sequencing in the context of NGS?
A sequencing method that allows for the processing of millions of DNA molecules at the same time.
What are some common NGS platforms?
- Illumina
- Pacific Biosciences
- Ion Torrent
What is the role of Illumina in NGS?
It’s a platform known for short-read sequencing technology, used for various applications like whole-genome sequencing.
What are Pacific Biosciences and Ion Torrent known for in NGS?
They are platforms known for long-read sequencing technology, often used for de novo assembly and detection of structural variations.
