[12] Introduction to Genomics and Proteomics Flashcards
What is genomics?
It’s the study of an organism’s entire genome.
What is proteomics?
It’s the study of the entire set of proteins produced by an organism.
What is a genome?
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
What is a proteome?
The entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism.
Name one difference between genomics and proteomics.
Genomics studies the genetic blueprint of an organism, while proteomics focuses on the products (proteins) resulting from that blueprint.
Name one similarity between genomics and proteomics.
Both disciplines attempt to understand biological functions and interactions on a large, systemic level.
How are genomics and proteomics related?
The genome of an organism determines its potential to produce certain proteins, which is studied in proteomics.
What technologies are commonly used in genomics?
- DNA sequencing
- Genomic mapping
- Gene editing techniques like CRISPR
What technologies are commonly used in proteomics?
- Mass spectrometry
- Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
- Protein microarrays
What is DNA sequencing?
The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
What is mass spectrometry?
An analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
Why is genomics important?
It helps us understand the structure, function, and evolution of genomes, and contributes to disease diagnosis and the development of personalized medicine.
Why is proteomics important?
It allows us to understand the structure and function of proteins, how they interact, and their roles in biological processes and diseases.
How can genomics and proteomics contribute to personalized medicine?
By studying a person’s unique genetic and protein makeup, treatments can be tailored specifically to them.
How does the genome influence the proteome?
The genome contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins. Thus, changes in the genome can influence the composition and function of the proteome.
