[11] DNA Sequencing Flashcards
What is DNA sequencing?
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule.
What is the significance of DNA sequencing?
It helps in identifying genes, understanding their function, and studying their mutations leading to various diseases.
Name two common methods of DNA sequencing.
- Sanger sequencing
- Next-generation sequencing
Who developed Sanger sequencing?
Frederick Sanger
How does Sanger sequencing work?
It uses special, labeled nucleotides that stop DNA replication at different points, creating a series of fragments that can be separated by size to reveal the sequence.
Define “Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)”
NGS is a high-throughput method that allows for the sequencing of large portions of DNA, even entire genomes, in a short period.
NGS - Initials
Next-Generation Sequencing
What advantage does Next-Generation Sequencing have over Sanger sequencing?
It can sequence much larger sections of DNA in a shorter period.
How does Next-Generation Sequencing work?
It simultaneously sequences thousands to millions of fragments of DNA, which are then aligned and overlapped to produce a full sequence.
What is a common application of DNA sequencing?
It is commonly used in genomic research, personalized medicine, forensics, and in the study of evolutionary relationships.
What is genomic research?
It is the study of the genome structure, function, evolution, and the role of genes in health and disease.
What is personalized medicine?
It is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with decisions and treatments tailored to the individual patient by use of genetic or other information.
How is DNA sequencing used in forensics?
DNA sequencing can help identify individuals or determine familial relationships based on the unique patterns in their genetic code.
How is DNA sequencing used in studying evolutionary relationships?
By comparing DNA sequences across different species, researchers can infer evolutionary relationships and trace lineage.
What technology is commonly used in Next-Generation Sequencing?
Illumina sequencing is a commonly used technology in NGS.
Define “Illumina sequencing”
Illumina sequencing is a type of NGS technology that uses a sequencing by synthesis approach. It uses fluorescently labeled nucleotides to determine the sequence.
How is DNA prepared for sequencing?
DNA is typically fragmented into smaller pieces, which are then sequenced simultaneously. These sequences are later assembled to form the complete sequence.
What role do bioinformatics play in DNA sequencing?
Bioinformatics is used to analyze and interpret the data produced by DNA sequencing, including sequence assembly and annotation.
What is sequence assembly?
Sequence assembly is the process of aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence.
What is sequence annotation?
Sequence annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.
