[11] DNA Sequencing

Question 1

What is DNA sequencing?

Answer 1

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule.

Question 2

What is the significance of DNA sequencing?

Answer 2

It helps in identifying genes, understanding their function, and studying their mutations leading to various diseases.

Question 3

Name two common methods of DNA sequencing.

Answer 3

• Sanger sequencing
• Next-generation sequencing

Question 4

Who developed Sanger sequencing?

Answer 4

Frederick Sanger

Question 5

How does Sanger sequencing work?

Answer 5

It uses special, labeled nucleotides that stop DNA replication at different points, creating a series of fragments that can be separated by size to reveal the sequence.

Question 6

Define “Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)”

Answer 6

NGS is a high-throughput method that allows for the sequencing of large portions of DNA, even entire genomes, in a short period.

Question 7

NGS - Initials

Answer 7

Next-Generation Sequencing

Question 8

What advantage does Next-Generation Sequencing have over Sanger sequencing?

Answer 8

It can sequence much larger sections of DNA in a shorter period.

Question 9

How does Next-Generation Sequencing work?

Answer 9

It simultaneously sequences thousands to millions of fragments of DNA, which are then aligned and overlapped to produce a full sequence.

Question 10

What is a common application of DNA sequencing?

Answer 10

It is commonly used in genomic research, personalized medicine, forensics, and in the study of evolutionary relationships.

Question 11

What is genomic research?

Answer 11

It is the study of the genome structure, function, evolution, and the role of genes in health and disease.

Question 12

What is personalized medicine?

Answer 12

It is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with decisions and treatments tailored to the individual patient by use of genetic or other information.

Question 13

How is DNA sequencing used in forensics?

Answer 13

DNA sequencing can help identify individuals or determine familial relationships based on the unique patterns in their genetic code.

Question 14

How is DNA sequencing used in studying evolutionary relationships?

Answer 14

By comparing DNA sequences across different species, researchers can infer evolutionary relationships and trace lineage.

Question 15

What technology is commonly used in Next-Generation Sequencing?

Answer 15

Illumina sequencing is a commonly used technology in NGS.

Question 16

Define “Illumina sequencing”

Answer 16

Illumina sequencing is a type of NGS technology that uses a sequencing by synthesis approach. It uses fluorescently labeled nucleotides to determine the sequence.

Question 17

How is DNA prepared for sequencing?

Answer 17

DNA is typically fragmented into smaller pieces, which are then sequenced simultaneously. These sequences are later assembled to form the complete sequence.

Question 18

What role do bioinformatics play in DNA sequencing?

Answer 18

Bioinformatics is used to analyze and interpret the data produced by DNA sequencing, including sequence assembly and annotation.

Question 19

What is sequence assembly?

Answer 19

Sequence assembly is the process of aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence.

Question 20

What is sequence annotation?

Answer 20

Sequence annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do.