[03] RNA Transcription and Translation Flashcards
What is the first step in gene expression?
Transcription
Where does transcription occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What is the product of transcription?
RNA
What enzyme synthesizes RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What are the three stages of transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What is the role of promoter in transcription?
A DNA sequence that signals the start of the gene and the site for RNA polymerase to bind
How does RNA polymerase know where to stop transcription?
It recognizes specific DNA sequences called termination signals
What is RNA splicing?
The process of removing introns and joining exons in a pre-mRNA molecule
What are introns and exons?
- Introns → non-coding sequences
- Exons → coding sequences
What happens during translation?
The mRNA is decoded to produce a specific protein
Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Cytoplasm
What are the three types of RNA involved in translation?
- mRNA → messenger RNA
- rRNA → ribosomal RNA
- tRNA → transfer RNA
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
It brings amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence in mRNA
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid
What is an anticodon?
A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a specific codon in mRNA
