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[21] Introduction to Molecular Biology > [01] Introduction to Molecular Biology > Flashcards

[01] Introduction to Molecular Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Molecular Biology?

A

The branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules essential to life.

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2
Q

What are the three key macromolecules in molecular biology?

A
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Proteins
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3
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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4
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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5
Q

What is the main function of DNA?

A

Storing genetic information

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6
Q

What is the main function of RNA?

A
  • Coding
  • Decoding
  • Regulation
  • Expression of genes
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7
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins.

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8
Q

What are Proteins?

A

Large biomolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of an organism’s cells, tissues, and organs.

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9
Q

What are the building blocks of Proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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10
Q

What is Transcription in Molecular Biology?

A

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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11
Q

What is Translation in Molecular Biology?

A

The process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

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12
Q

What is a Cell?

A

The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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13
Q

What is a Chromosome?

A

A long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.

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14
Q

What is a Genome?

A

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

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15
Q

What is an Allele?

A

One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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16
Q

What is a Mutation?

A

A change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors.

17
Q

What is a Base Pair?

A

Two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a “rung of the DNA ladder.”

18
Q

What are the base pairs in DNA?

A
  • Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G)
19
Q

What are the base pairs in RNA?

A
  • Adenine (A) with Uracil (U)
  • Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G)
20
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst.

[21] Introduction to Molecular Biology (53 decks)

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