[19] Eukaryotic Cloning

Question 1

What is eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 1

The process of producing identical copies of a eukaryotic organism or cell by introducing a piece of foreign DNA into it.

Question 2

What is a common host organism used in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 2

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Question 3

Why is yeast commonly used in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 3

It is easy to grow, has a short generation time, and can be easily manipulated genetically.

Question 4

What are the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cloning often involves more complex host organisms, involves different vectors, and can include more complex modifications to the DNA.

Question 5

What is a vector in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 5

A DNA molecule used to deliver foreign genetic material into a cell.

Question 6

What are common vectors used in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 6

Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs).

Question 7

YAC - Initials

Answer 7

Yeast Artificial Chromosomes

Question 8

BAC - Initials

Answer 8

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes

Question 9

What are YACs and BACs?

Answer 9

Artificial chromosomes that can carry large fragments of DNA and are used in eukaryotic cloning.

Question 10

What is a selectable marker in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 10

A gene that makes cells containing it selectable by survival or colour change.

Question 11

What is a common selectable marker used in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 11

Antibiotic resistance genes.

Question 12

What is transformation in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 12

The procedure in which plasmid or artificial chromosome DNA is introduced into a eukaryotic cell.

Question 13

What is a multiple cloning site (MCS)?

Answer 13

A short region of DNA containing multiple restriction enzyme recognition sites that allows for the insertion of foreign DNA.

Question 14

What is the importance of the MCS in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 14

It allows for the insertion of foreign DNA at a specific site within the vector.

Question 15

What is the role of restriction enzymes in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 15

They are enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequences, used to insert foreign DNA into the vector at the MCS.

Question 16

What is ligation in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 16

The process of joining the foreign DNA and the vector DNA together using the enzyme DNA ligase.

Question 17

What is a clone in eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 17

A population of identical cells, each containing the same insert of foreign DNA.

Question 18

What is the purpose of eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 18

It is used to produce large quantities of the foreign DNA or protein, to modify the eukaryotic organism or cell for a specific purpose, or for further genetic analysis.

Question 19

What is the benefit of eukaryotic cloning?

Answer 19

Eukaryotic cloning allows for the expression of eukaryotic proteins with the correct modifications (like folding and glycosylation), which can’t be done in bacterial systems.

Question 20

What is gene therapy?

Answer 20

A method that uses eukaryotic cloning to insert a healthy copy of a gene into cells of a patient with a genetic disease.