[19] Eukaryotic Cloning Flashcards
What is eukaryotic cloning?
The process of producing identical copies of a eukaryotic organism or cell by introducing a piece of foreign DNA into it.
What is a common host organism used in eukaryotic cloning?
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Why is yeast commonly used in eukaryotic cloning?
It is easy to grow, has a short generation time, and can be easily manipulated genetically.
What are the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cloning?
Eukaryotic cloning often involves more complex host organisms, involves different vectors, and can include more complex modifications to the DNA.
What is a vector in eukaryotic cloning?
A DNA molecule used to deliver foreign genetic material into a cell.
What are common vectors used in eukaryotic cloning?
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs).
YAC - Initials
Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
BAC - Initials
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes
What are YACs and BACs?
Artificial chromosomes that can carry large fragments of DNA and are used in eukaryotic cloning.
What is a selectable marker in eukaryotic cloning?
A gene that makes cells containing it selectable by survival or colour change.
What is a common selectable marker used in eukaryotic cloning?
Antibiotic resistance genes.
What is transformation in eukaryotic cloning?
The procedure in which plasmid or artificial chromosome DNA is introduced into a eukaryotic cell.
What is a multiple cloning site (MCS)?
A short region of DNA containing multiple restriction enzyme recognition sites that allows for the insertion of foreign DNA.
What is the importance of the MCS in eukaryotic cloning?
It allows for the insertion of foreign DNA at a specific site within the vector.
What is the role of restriction enzymes in eukaryotic cloning?
They are enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequences, used to insert foreign DNA into the vector at the MCS.
What is ligation in eukaryotic cloning?
The process of joining the foreign DNA and the vector DNA together using the enzyme DNA ligase.
What is a clone in eukaryotic cloning?
A population of identical cells, each containing the same insert of foreign DNA.
What is the purpose of eukaryotic cloning?
It is used to produce large quantities of the foreign DNA or protein, to modify the eukaryotic organism or cell for a specific purpose, or for further genetic analysis.
What is the benefit of eukaryotic cloning?
Eukaryotic cloning allows for the expression of eukaryotic proteins with the correct modifications (like folding and glycosylation), which can’t be done in bacterial systems.
What is gene therapy?
A method that uses eukaryotic cloning to insert a healthy copy of a gene into cells of a patient with a genetic disease.
