28 December Flashcards
What are causes of resp acidosis?
COPD
Pneumonia
Guillain Barre
MND
OPiates
Rib fractures
What are causes of resp alkalosis?
Panic attack
Pain
PER
Pheumothorax
What are causes of metabolic acidosis?
High anion gap
- DKA
-lactic acidosis
- aspirin overdose
-renal failure
Normal anion gap
- Diarrhoea
- Addison disease
- renal tubular disease
What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting
Diuretics
Heart failure
Conns syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Milk-alkali syndrome
What are symptoms of haemochromatosis?
Hyperpigmented skin
Hepatomegaly
Arthralide
Diabetes
Heat failure
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
What are features of stork bite mark?
Telangiectatic naevus
Pink, flat, irregularly shaped make on back of neck/forehead/eyelids
What are features of lithium toxicity?
D&V
Drowsiness
Muscular weakness
Poor coordination
Severe
-ataxia
- blurred vision
-tinnitus
- large urine output- diluted
Life Threatening
- Hyperreflexia
- seizure
- renal failure
-coma/ death
Inversion of T waves/flattening
What are features of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Epistaxis, nasal crusting
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Saddle shape nose deformity
What are features of Menieres disease?
Triad of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus lasting several hours
Attacks accompanied with N&V
Sensorineural hearing loss esp lower frequencies
What are features of Monteggia fracture?
Dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint with ulna fracture
What are features of Galeazzi fracture?
Radial shaft fracture with dislocation of radioulnar joint
Post fall with rotational force
What are features of Gauchers disease?
Autosomal recessive
Common in Ashkenazi Jewish population
Lipid accumulation in liver, spleen, kidneys, braina nd bone marrow
Causes pancytopenia- bruising and bleeding
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice is late sign
Lipid laden macrophages on bone marrow aspirate
What are Krukenberg tumours?
Metastatic tumours to the ovaries from gastric carcinoma
What is the Rockall score?
Tod etermine risk from upper GI bleed
Looks at age, BP, co-morbidities, diagnosis and endoscopy
What is the Framingham Risk Score?
Predict 10 year CV risk
