13th November Flashcards
What should be used first line for sedation of an agitated patient?
Chlorpromazine
What is the management of Alzheimers disease?
1st line- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine
2nd line- NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine
When is memantine used in Alzheimers disease?
Moderate Alzheimers who are intolerant/contraindicated to have 1st line
Add on drug for moderate-severe disease
Monotherapy in severe disease
When is donepezil contraindicated?
In bradycardia
What is the medical management of miscarriage?
Mifepristone- weakens attachment to endometrial wall, softens cervix and causes uterine contractions
48 hours later- misoprostol, furthers contractions and expels uterine products
What is the management of incomplete miscarriage?
Single dose of misoprostol
How is termination of pregnancy done medically?
Mifepristone followed by vaginal administration of misoprostol
What are causes of nasal septal perforation?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Cocaine Use
Nose Picking
Decongestants
What is Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Autoimmune vasculitis affecting resp tract and kidneys
What are features of granulomatous with polyangiitis?
Epistaxis
Sinusitis
Nasal Crusting
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Vasculitic rash
Eye involvement
What is Atelectasis?
Collapse of part or all of the lung
What is a risk factor for atelectasis?
Anaesthesia
Prolonged bed rest with minimal position changes
Shallow breathing
Underlying lung disease
What are features of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Flu like symptoms initially
Then dry cough
What are complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Cold agglutins (IgM)- lead to haemolytic anaemia or thrombocytopenia
Erythema multiforme/nodosum
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Bullous myringitis- painful vesicles on tympanic membrane
Pericarditis
Hepatitis
Pancreatitis
What is the management of mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Doxycycline or macrolide e.g. erythromycin
