2 January Flashcards
What are symptoms of paralytic ileus?
Mild abdo pain/bloating
N&V
Poor appetite
Absences of flatus and stool
Absent bowel sounds
Bowel loops dilated on AXR
Manage supportively
If vomiting can have NG inserted
What are first rank symptoms of Schizophrenia?
Thought echo/insertion/withdrawal/broadcasting
Delusions of control
Influence or passitivity
Delusional perception
Auditory hallucinations
What are features of optic nerve atrophy?
Vision loss- may be colour vision before acuity
Optic nerve appears pale
What are risk factors for gastric carcinoma?
Age
Men
Poor socio-economic status
H.pylori
Diet- low in fruits and veg
Smoking
Pernicious anaemia
Post gastrectomy
Family risk
Blood group A
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
What are features of breast cyst?
Smooth discrete lump- may change in size during menstrual cycle
What are features of Pterygium?
Benign growth of conjunctiva growing from nasal side of the sclera
Seen in people who work outdoors in hot dusty climates
What are features of TB meningitis?
Fever, headache, drowsiness, focal neurological deficits, visual symptoms
May have tremor
CT scan will show a round mass which increases in size until it ruptures into subarachnoid space
Treatment with
-Rifampicin
- Isonazid
- Pyrazinimide
- Streptomycin
What are the different types of diabetic neuropathy?
Sensory diffuse polyneuropathy
Painful diabetic neuropathy
Mononeuropathies- affect peripheral or cranial nerves
Autonomic neuropathy
Mononeuritis multiplex
Diabetic anyotrophy- pain in thigh/hips/buttocks
What are features of Cervicitis?
Inflammation of the cervix
- Purulent discharge
- bleeding e.g. post coital
What are features of fanconi syndrome?
Aminoaciduria
Glycosuria
Phosphaturia
Renal tubular acidosis
rickets/osteomalacia
When should Anti-D be given to pregnant mothers?
Termination of pregnancy
Spntaneous miscarriage followed by medical or surgical evacuation
Spontaneous miscarriage completed at >12 weeks
When risk of haemorrhage e.g. CVS
Ectopic pregnancy
Threatened miscarriage >12 weeks
How is UC diagnosed?
Colonoscopy with biopsy
- no inflammation beyond submucosa
- presence of pseudopolyps
- crypt abscesses
- depletion of goblet cells
If severe then flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed to reduce risk of perforation
What are alternatives to topical ivermectin in treatment of mild to moderate rosacea?
Topical metronidazole or topical azelaic acid
What are features of ITP?
Immune reaction to platelets
Often post viral
Bruising, bleeding (epistaxis), purpuric rash
Normally resolves on its own
If platelets very low then
- steroids
- immunoglobulins
- rituximab
What are features of Kartageners Syndrome?
Dextrocardia
Bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis
Subfertility
Can cause hearing loss
