190. Differential diagnosis of infectious abortions of horses (epidemiology, clinical signs, post mortem lesions). Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases of the reproductive system?

A

Diseases of reproductive system

  • Diseases of the reproductive system may cause significant economic losses in case of abortion or breeding restrictions due to infectious diseases
  • The most important viruses affecting the reproductive system (and other organs):

- Equine herpesvirus type-1

- Equine viral arteritis

• Non-viral pathogens

  • Bacterial abortion: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp,

Klebsiella, Salmonella abortusequi, Actinobacillus equuli, Leptospira spp.

  • Taylorella equigenitalis (contagious equine metritis/ CEM)
  • Trypanosoma equiperdum (dourine)
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2
Q

Equine Viral arteritis epidemiology?

A

Equine viral arteritis

Epidemiology

  • Arteriviridae family, Arterivirus genus
  • Worldwide
  • 2 genetic strains with same serotype: American and European
  • Strains differ in severity of symptoms and prevalence of abortion
  • 10-30% stallions are persistently infected ➝ transmission with semen
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3
Q

Pathogenesis of equine viral arteritis?

A

• Pathogenesis

  1. Virus can spread with aerosols, semen and amniotic fluid, placenta after abortion
  2. After per oral or aerogen infection
  3. Viraemia: virus into blood with macrophages
  4. Virus damages endothel cells of arterioles ➝ oedema, inflammation and haemorrhages, abortion
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4
Q

Clinical signs of equine viral arteritis?

A

Clinical signs

  • Incubation: 6-8 days
  • Fever, inappetence, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, oedema (subcutaneous oedema of head, eyelids, limbs, abdomen, genitals/

scrotum)

  • Areas are warm and sensitive
  • May cause skin rash, colic, diarrhoea, jaundice
  • Abortion in acute phase or few weeks after
  • Weakness in foals
  • Abortion sporadic
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5
Q

Diagnosis and prevention of equine viral arteritis?

A

Diagnosis and prevention

  • Initial phase ➝ isolation, IF, PCR, serology (VN, ELISA), specific symptoms
  • Isolation of infected horses, general disease control measures
  • Testing and screening persistently infected stallions ➝ serology, semen samples by PCR
  • Active immunisation
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