137. Pasteurellosis of sheep and goats. Flashcards
1
Q
Occurrence, ethiology and epidemiology?
A
PASTEURELLOSIS OF SHEEP
Occurrence
- Widespread occurrence
- everywhere where you have sheep
- Caused by P. multocida A (D), M. hemolytica A1, A2, A6, A9 (other), Bibersteinia trehalosi
- Agents are carried in the tonsils
- Predisposing factors
- facultative pathogens
- Non-infectious
- Management: cold, humid stables, transport, long movement
- Nutrition : poor quality, Se deficiency, presence of mycotoxins (immunosuppressive)
- Infectious: viruses, mycoplasma, Chlamydia
2
Q
PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOLOGY?
A
PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOLOGY
- Respiratory pasteurellosis (P. multocida, M. hemolytica)
- Pathogenesis ʹ airborne infection
- colonization of the upper respiratory airways
- Stress and predisp. Factors lead to bacterium propagation and colonization of the lungs
- M. hemolytica: cytotoxin production
- damage of the macrophages
- Fibrinous pneumonia,
- fibrinous pleuritis
- In lambs bacterium sometimes gets into the blood stream
- arthritis, middle ear infection, meningitis
- Secondary agents can trigger
- Clinical signs: fever, depression, nasal discharge, labored breathing, cough
- Sometimes arthritis, middle ear infection, ataxia
- Pathology:
- Fibrinous pneumonia,
- anterior lobes,
- fibrinous pleuritis,
- sometimes fibrinous pericarditis
3
Q
Septicemia (< 3 month old lambs)?
A
Septicemia (< 3 month old lambs)
Pathogenesis:
- airborne inf.
- replicate in tonsils
- septicemia
- propagation in organs, joints and meninx
Clinical signs ʹ
- High fever, anorexia, depression.
- If not die in acute phase
- arthritis, meningo-encephalitis, death
Pathology:
- Hemorrhages,
- serous fluid in body cavities,
- enlarged lymph nodes and parenchymal organs
4
Q
Mastitis?
A
Mastitis
- Pathogenesis:
- Infection from bacterium in carrier lambs: Lamb sucking the ewe
- get into the udder and replicate
- leucotoxin production
- mastitis and agalactia
- Lamb is starving,
- sucks other ewes
- transmits the infection
- Regeneration of the udder ʹ by the next lambing season the udder can completely recover
- Clinical signs
- Enlarged, congested and cyanotic udder.
- Generally unilateral, some whey-like milk, agalactia, ewes
- generally do not die (but if bilateral Æ will die)
- Pathology ʹ Death is rare, generally unilateral
5
Q
Acute systemic pasteurellosis (B. trehalosi, in feedlot lambs 3-12 months) ?
A
Acute systemic pasteurellosis (B. trehalosi, in feedlot lambs 3-12 months)
- Pathogenesis: Airborne infection, carriage in the tonsils (asymptomatic)
- Predisposing effect
- propagation in the tonsils and pharynx
- bacterium emboli get into blood stream
- parenchymal organs
- will block capillaries and cause local inflammation and necrosis
- Endotoxin effect
- death of the animals
- Clinical signs: Sudden death, recumbency, extreme depression, dyspnea and frothing at the mouth
- Frequently see no clinical signs because of the acute form of the disease
- Pathology
- Hemorrhages, edema (pharynx), necrosis in respiratory mucous membranes (pharynx, nasal cav.), and parenchymal Organs
6
Q
DIAGNOSIS?
A
DIAGNOSIS
- Epidemiology, clinical signs and pathology,
- examination of predisposing factors (viral infections)
- Detection of the agent ʹ bacterium isolation, PCR
- Differentials :
- respiratory diseases,
- septicemic diseases (E. coli, salmonella, listeria),
- mastitis,
- sudden death
7
Q
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION?
A
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
- Isolation of ill animals,
- antibiotics,
- elimination of predisposing factors (incr. efficacy of antibiotics)
- Vaccines ʹ inactivated vaccines (bacterin, extract) or inactivated toxin vaccines
8
Q
PASTEURELLOSIS OF GOATS
ETIOLOGY?
A
PASTEURELLOSIS OF GOATS
ETIOLOGY
- P. multocida,
- M. Hemolytica,
- B. trehalosi
Diseases :
- pleuropneumonia,
- Septicemia of kids,
- mastitis,
- acute systemic pasteurellosis
Predisposing factors, pathology ʹ same as for sheep
