131. Fowl paratyphoid (Zoon.).

Question 1

Fowl Paratyphoid Occurence and aetiology?

Answer 1

Occurrence:

• worldwide,
• common, management can influence,
• zoonotic

Aetiology

• S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium,
• S. Hadar, S. Anatum, S. Infantis, S. Virchow
• Arizona-serotypes usually in reptiles (sometimes turkey, chicken)
• Facultative pathogens – need predisposing factors

Question 2

Epidemiology of fowl paratyphoid?

Answer 2

Epidemiology

• 0-2 (4) weeks of age
• (if in 4th week there are viral predisposing factors in background)
• Horizontal and vertical infection
• Germinative / Horizontal (hatchery - aerogen / feed - PO)
• Widespread: Wild birds, rodents, wild animals
• Predisposing factors
• Non infective: transportation; management, stable, hygiene, nutritional: mycotoxin
• Infective: bursitis, duck hepatitis, Derzsy-disease (complication); coccidiosis
• Gut: long carriage of bacteria

Question 3

Pathogenesis of paratyphoid?

Answer 3

Pathogenesis

• Infection: PO, aerogenic, germinative
• Gut → blood → parenchymal organs (PM lesions), septicaemia
• Chronic: wing arthritis (pigeon, cage birds)

Question 4

Clinical signs of fowl paratyphoid young and adult?

Answer 4

Clinical signs

• Young chicken

• Septicaemia (fever), like fowl typhoid – omphalitis, diarrhoea (white faeces)
• Duck, geese: purulent conjunctivitis, weak legs, incoordination

• Adult

• Inapparent (except: pigeon)
• Decreased egg production
• Pigeon: diarrhoea, CNS signs, arthritis

Question 5

Pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis?

Answer 5

Pathology: like in fowl typhoid (cannot differentiate)

Diagnosis

• Epidemiology – clinical signs – pathology (cannot differentiate it definitely)
• Laboratory diagnosis – needed!
• Detection of the agent: isolation of the bacterium = best! (BM of thigh – last organ reached by the
• PM bacteria), typing; PCR (rarely), Atg detecting ELISA
• Detection of antibodies: ELISA, agglutination (not widely used – not informative)

Differential diagnosis :(Most imp on top)

1. weak chicken,
2. omphalitis,
3. fowl typhoid,
4. coli-sepsis,
5. yersiniosis,
6. Derzsy-disease,
7. duck hepatitis,
8. bursitis,
9. aspergillosis,
10. coccidiosis

Question 6

Treatment and prevention of Fowl Paratyphoid?

Answer 6

Treatment

• AB (fluorquinolones) – well disseminated, elimination of CS (prevent death)
• Bacterium carriage - recommended to slaughter after treatment with AB
• Elimination of predisposing factors

Prevention

• Collection of eggs, hatching, settlement, keeping: hygiene
• Excluding reconvalescent herds from the breeding
• Insect and rodent control
• Probiotics/prebiotics
• Vaccines: S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium (cross protection) - Live and inactivated vaccines
• „Eradication” / reduction – best option!