132. Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control. Flashcards

1
Q

Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage of poultry

Occurence and ethiology?

Pathogenesis Clinical signs?

Prevention and control?

A

ASYMPTOMATIC SALMONELLA CARRIAGE OF POULTRY

OCCURRENCE AND ETIOLOGY

  • Occur in breeding, laying and broiler herds
  • S. infantis (60%) ʹ strong ab resistance, long carriage; S. enteritidis (5%), S. typhimurium (3%)
  • Other salmonella serotypes (environment)

PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNS

  • Limited to the gut, clinical signs only in exceptional cases, but salmonella is shed
  • source of human infection

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

  • Probiotics,
  • vaccines,
  • eradication/reduction
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2
Q

Aims of Eradication(Reduction)?

A

AIMS OF ERADICATION (REDUCTION)

  • S. Enteritidis, S. typhimurium + S. infantis, S. hadar, S. Virchow
  • Breeding hens ʹ 5 serovars, 31st December 2009 <1%
  • Commercial laying hens ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <2%
  • Broiler ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <1%
  • Turkey ʹ <1%
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3
Q

Control of salmonella carriers breeding flocks?

A

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

BREEDING FLOCKS

Farmer

    1. Day, 1-5 days dead (10-60),
  • 4 weeks ʹ feces (5 boot samples, 1boot sample + dust),
  • 2 weeks before laying ʹ faeces (boot samples),
  • every 2 weeks during laying ʹ feces and dead eggs
  • Official ʹ first 4 weeks of laying, middle of laying, last 8 weeks of laying
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4
Q

Control of salmonella carriers laying flocks?

A

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

LAYING FLOCKS

  • Famer ʹ 0.day, 1-5 days dead,
  • 2 weeks before laying: feces (2 pairs of boot samples),
  • every 15 weeks
  • Official ʹ one flock/farm if farm size is >1000, 2 pair of boot samples + dust
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5
Q

Control of salmonella carriers broilers?

A

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

BROILERS

  • Farmer ʹ within 3 weeks before slaughter
  • (only salmonella free birds can be slaughtered)
    • Official ʹ once 10% of farms/year if herd size is >5000, 2 pairs of boot samples
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6
Q

Public health significance?

A

PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

  • Etiology
  • origin
  • food of animal origin (egg, poultry meat, pork)
  • Factors influencing pathogenesis
  • Bacterium
  • serotype
  • virulence
  • cell number (106-109)
  • Host: age, resistance, predisposing factors
  • (tumor, diabetes, alcoholism, proton pump inhibitors)
  • Clinical signs, forms
  • Salmonellosis gastroenterica ʹ generally not spreading from humans to humans, spread via food
  • Vomiting, diarrhea (watery, greenish-mucoid),
  • fever 38-39°C,
  • decreased kidney function, few %
  • bacteremia (no real septicemia),
  • salmonella carriage
  • Sepsis ʹ S. cholerasuis, S. Dublin, S. typhimurium
  • Large amount of bacteria,
  • low activity or absence of immunity
  • Focal infection (rare) ʹ
  • bacterium gets into the blood stream Æ colonization
  • Endocarditis,
  • pericarditis,
  • pneumonia,
  • meningitis etc.
  • o Enteric fever (rare) ʹ
  • similar to typhus abdominalis,
  • 40-41°C
  • fever,
  • depression,
  • head ache
  • Treatment ʹ
  • Salmonellosis gastroenterica Æ not necessary,
  • septicemia Æ
  • antibiotics
  • Prevention ʹ
  • try to prevent infection
  • proper heat treatment of food!
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