132. Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control. Flashcards
1
Q
Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage of poultry
Occurence and ethiology?
Pathogenesis Clinical signs?
Prevention and control?
A
ASYMPTOMATIC SALMONELLA CARRIAGE OF POULTRY
OCCURRENCE AND ETIOLOGY
- Occur in breeding, laying and broiler herds
- S. infantis (60%) ʹ strong ab resistance, long carriage; S. enteritidis (5%), S. typhimurium (3%)
- Other salmonella serotypes (environment)
PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNS
- Limited to the gut, clinical signs only in exceptional cases, but salmonella is shed
- source of human infection
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- Probiotics,
- vaccines,
- eradication/reduction
2
Q
Aims of Eradication(Reduction)?
A
AIMS OF ERADICATION (REDUCTION)
- S. Enteritidis, S. typhimurium + S. infantis, S. hadar, S. Virchow
- Breeding hens ʹ 5 serovars, 31st December 2009 <1%
- Commercial laying hens ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <2%
- Broiler ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <1%
- Turkey ʹ <1%
3
Q
Control of salmonella carriers breeding flocks?
A
CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:
BREEDING FLOCKS
Farmer
- Day, 1-5 days dead (10-60),
- 4 weeks ʹ feces (5 boot samples, 1boot sample + dust),
- 2 weeks before laying ʹ faeces (boot samples),
- every 2 weeks during laying ʹ feces and dead eggs
- Official ʹ first 4 weeks of laying, middle of laying, last 8 weeks of laying
4
Q
Control of salmonella carriers laying flocks?
A
CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:
LAYING FLOCKS
- Famer ʹ 0.day, 1-5 days dead,
- 2 weeks before laying: feces (2 pairs of boot samples),
- every 15 weeks
- Official ʹ one flock/farm if farm size is >1000, 2 pair of boot samples + dust
5
Q
Control of salmonella carriers broilers?
A
CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:
BROILERS
- Farmer ʹ within 3 weeks before slaughter
- (only salmonella free birds can be slaughtered)
- Official ʹ once 10% of farms/year if herd size is >5000, 2 pairs of boot samples
6
Q
Public health significance?
A
PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE
- Etiology
- origin
- food of animal origin (egg, poultry meat, pork)
- Factors influencing pathogenesis
- Bacterium
- serotype
- virulence
- cell number (106-109)
- Host: age, resistance, predisposing factors
- (tumor, diabetes, alcoholism, proton pump inhibitors)
- Clinical signs, forms
- Salmonellosis gastroenterica ʹ generally not spreading from humans to humans, spread via food
- Vomiting, diarrhea (watery, greenish-mucoid),
- fever 38-39°C,
- decreased kidney function, few %
- bacteremia (no real septicemia),
- salmonella carriage
- Sepsis ʹ S. cholerasuis, S. Dublin, S. typhimurium
- Large amount of bacteria,
- low activity or absence of immunity
- Focal infection (rare) ʹ
- bacterium gets into the blood stream Æ colonization
- Endocarditis,
- pericarditis,
- pneumonia,
- meningitis etc.
- o Enteric fever (rare) ʹ
- similar to typhus abdominalis,
- 40-41°C
- fever,
- depression,
- head ache
- Treatment ʹ
- Salmonellosis gastroenterica Æ not necessary,
- septicemia Æ
- antibiotics
- Prevention ʹ
- try to prevent infection
- proper heat treatment of food!