132. Reduction of Salmonella carriage of poultry, salmonella reduction programs, and their control.

Question 1

Asymptomatic Salmonella carriage of poultry

Occurence and ethiology?

Pathogenesis Clinical signs?

Prevention and control?

Answer 1

ASYMPTOMATIC SALMONELLA CARRIAGE OF POULTRY

OCCURRENCE AND ETIOLOGY

• Occur in breeding, laying and broiler herds
• S. infantis (60%) ʹ strong ab resistance, long carriage; S. enteritidis (5%), S. typhimurium (3%)
• Other salmonella serotypes (environment)

PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNS

• Limited to the gut, clinical signs only in exceptional cases, but salmonella is shed
• source of human infection

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• Probiotics,
• vaccines,
• eradication/reduction

Question 2

Aims of Eradication(Reduction)?

Answer 2

AIMS OF ERADICATION (REDUCTION)

• S. Enteritidis, S. typhimurium + S. infantis, S. hadar, S. Virchow
• Breeding hens ʹ 5 serovars, 31st December 2009 <1%
• Commercial laying hens ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <2%
• Broiler ʹ S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis ʹ <1%
• Turkey ʹ <1%

Question 3

Control of salmonella carriers breeding flocks?

Answer 3

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

BREEDING FLOCKS

Farmer

• 0. Day, 1-5 days dead (10-60),
• 4 weeks ʹ feces (5 boot samples, 1boot sample + dust),
• 2 weeks before laying ʹ faeces (boot samples),
• every 2 weeks during laying ʹ feces and dead eggs
• Official ʹ first 4 weeks of laying, middle of laying, last 8 weeks of laying

Question 4

Control of salmonella carriers laying flocks?

Answer 4

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

LAYING FLOCKS

• Famer ʹ 0.day, 1-5 days dead,
• 2 weeks before laying: feces (2 pairs of boot samples),
• every 15 weeks
• Official ʹ one flock/farm if farm size is >1000, 2 pair of boot samples + dust

Question 5

Control of salmonella carriers broilers?

Answer 5

CONTROL OF SALMONELLA CARRIERS:

BROILERS

• Farmer ʹ within 3 weeks before slaughter
• (only salmonella free birds can be slaughtered)
• • Official ʹ once 10% of farms/year if herd size is >5000, 2 pairs of boot samples

Question 6

Public health significance?

Answer 6

PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

• Etiology
• origin
• food of animal origin (egg, poultry meat, pork)
• Factors influencing pathogenesis
• Bacterium
• serotype
• virulence
• cell number (106-109)
• Host: age, resistance, predisposing factors
• (tumor, diabetes, alcoholism, proton pump inhibitors)
• Clinical signs, forms
• Salmonellosis gastroenterica ʹ generally not spreading from humans to humans, spread via food
• Vomiting, diarrhea (watery, greenish-mucoid),
• fever 38-39°C,
• decreased kidney function, few %
• bacteremia (no real septicemia),
• salmonella carriage
• Sepsis ʹ S. cholerasuis, S. Dublin, S. typhimurium
• Large amount of bacteria,
• low activity or absence of immunity
• Focal infection (rare) ʹ
• bacterium gets into the blood stream Æ colonization
• Endocarditis,
• pericarditis,
• pneumonia,
• meningitis etc.
• o Enteric fever (rare) ʹ
• similar to typhus abdominalis,
• 40-41°C
• fever,
• depression,
• head ache
• Treatment ʹ
• Salmonellosis gastroenterica Æ not necessary,
• septicemia Æ
• antibiotics
• Prevention ʹ
• try to prevent infection
• proper heat treatment of food!