138. Pasteurellosis of swine and rabbits.

Question 1

_PASTEURELLOSIS OF SWINE
ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA OF SWINE_

Answer 1

PASTEURELLOSIS OF SWINE

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA OF SWINE

Occur:

• sporadic,
• mainly in tropical countries,
• rare in moderate climate

Caused

• by P. multocida B:2,
• sudden appearance, predisp.
• Factors are not really clear,
• cause septicemia

Clinical signs

• Fever,
• anorexia,
• listlessness,
• labored breath,
• edema on the neck, cyanotic skin, skin necrosis, death

Pathology

• Hemorrhages,
• subcut. Edema (neck),
• fibrinous pleuropneumonia,
• hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
• (only in the cases where pigs do not die fast)

Diagnosis

• epidemiology,
• clinical signs,
• pathology,
• isolation of the agent

Treatment

• parenteral antibiotics, immediately!
• By the time see clinical signs => too late!

Question 2

Pneumonia of swine caused by Pasteurellae?

Answer 2

PNEUMONIA OF SWINE CAUSED BY PASTEURELLAE

Caused by P. multocida A (D)

Predisposing factors

Non infectious: management, nutrition, stress, overcrowding

Infectious: mycoplasma, A. pleuropneumoniae

Mainly occur in growers and fattening pigs

Pathogenesis: infection by inhalation, asymptomatic carriage

Predisposing effects

• propagation in the lungs,
• generally limited to the respiratory tract,
• sometimes enters the blood stream

Clinical signs fever, cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea

Pathology serous, fibrinous pneumonia

Diagnosis Epidemiology, clinical signs, post mortem lesions, bacterium isolation, ID of primary agent

Treatment

• antibiotics
• both individual (the ones with clinical signs)
• mass treatment

Prevention: of predisposing factors

Question 3

Pasteurellosis of Rabbits?

Answer 3

PASTEURELLOSIS OF RABBITS (SNUFFLES)

ETHIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Caused by P. multocida A (D,F),
• mixed infection is possible: S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica
• Usually occur in large scale farms, great economic impact
• Predisposing factors: humid, cold environment, high dust content, NH3, mixing, overcrowding, nutrition
• First cases in 4-5 week old rabbits, mainly see cases in 2-3 month old animals, becomes endemic

PATHOGENESIS

• Infection from carrier animals (doe, other rabbits) via inhalation
• Predisposing factors
• replication in the lungs
• bronchopneumonia,
• rhinitis and conjunctivitis
• Blood Æ septicemia Æ inflammation in parenchymal organs & subcutaneous tissue, middle ear infection: CNS

CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOLOGY

• Clinical signs ʹ nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, labored breath
• septicemia Æ otitis media (CNS - ataxia), abscess (s.c.)
• Pathology: purulent bronchopneumonia (large area of the lungs), otitis media, abscesses, pyometra, orchitis
• Open the lungs ʹ area is filled with purulent, sticky mucoid content

DIAGNOSIS

• • Epidemiology, clinical signs, post mortem lesions
• • Bacterium isolation from lungs or parenchymal organs
• • Differential diagnosis ʹ S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica

TREATMENT

• Antibiotics: tetracyclines and macrolides, must be used in the beginning when we see clinical signs
• Elimination of predisposing effects for effective treatment
• Animals remain carriers
• Elimination of predisposing factors
• vaccines: inactivated vaccine at 6-8 weeks of age 2 times
• Eradication: small farms, selection (test and slaughter)