105. Necrotic enteritis and ulcerative enteritis of chicken.

Question 1

Ulcerative enteritis of poultry occurence?

Answer 1

Ulcerative enteritis of poultry

• Occurrence:

• variable
• (quite widespread, sporadic disease)

Question 2

Ulcerative enteritis of chickens aetiology?

Answer 2

Aetiology:

C. colinum

Question 3

Epidemiology of ulcerative enteritis?

Answer 3

Epidemiology:

• 4-12 week old chicken,
• 3-8 week old turkey, quail,
• sometimes in pullets & laying hens
• (generally milder & more sporadic)

Question 4

Pathogenesis of ulcerative enteritis?

Answer 4

Pathogenesis:

• Soil – gut (PO infection)
• Predisposing factors:
• coccidiosis (happens at the same age as ulcerative enteritis – difficult to differentiate),
• infectious bursitis,
• chicken anaemia (immunosuppressive diseases), overcrowding,
• nutritional problems
• Colonisation of the gut (lymphoid tissues, ulcer),
• sometimes get to the liver

Question 5

Clinical signs of Ulcerative enteritis?

Answer 5

• Clinical signs:

• anorexia
• listless
• sits
• ruffled feathers
• diarrhoea
• watery, brown faeces (blood)
• smelly, very few gas bubbles (basis of differentiation)

Question 6

Lesions of Ulcerative Enteritis?

Answer 6

Lesions

• Haemorrhages,
• poor blood coagulation,
• pericardial oedema
• Gut: haemorrhagic ulcers, pseudomembrane, perforation
• Liver: focal necrosis

Question 7

Diagnosis?

Answer 7

Diagnosis

• Epidemiology (age, sp.)
• clinical signs (brown faeces, smell, few gas)
• PM lesions
• Isolation of the agent from the liver (isolation of agent from gut has no value because it is normal in the gut),
• detect bacterium in smear in faeces (see bacterium in large no.)

Question 8

Differential diagnosis?

Answer 8

Differential diagnosis:

1. coccidiosis
2. fowl cholera
3. campylobacter-hepatitis
4. salmonellosis

Question 9

Treatment?

Answer 9

Treatment:

• ABs (+coccidiostat.) –
• potentiated sulphonamides (works on both clostridia & coccidian)

Question 10

Prevention?

Answer 10

Prevention:

• hygiene
• optimal management
• predisposing factors

Question 11

Necrotic Enteritis of poultry occurence?

Answer 11

Necrotic enteritis of poultry

• Occurrence:

• sporadic

Question 12

Aetiology of Necrotic Enteritis of poultry?

Answer 12

Aetiology:

• C. perfringens A & C (alpha, beta, tau)
• facultatively pathogenic

Question 13

Epidemiology of Necrotic enteritis of poultry?

Answer 13

Epidemiology

• Soil, gut, feed, bedding (shed in faeces)
• Predisposing factors:
• coccidiosis,
• mycotoxicosis; feed: wheat, fishmeal,
• poorly digestible;
• alteration of the intestinal flora, damage of the mucosa (environmental factors are most important)

Broiler: 2-5 week old,

turkey 7-12 week old (roughly the same age as above)

Question 14

Clinical signs Of necrotic enteritis of poultry?

Answer 14

Clinical signs:

• depression
• anorexia
• watery
• foamy
• brownish-red faeces (more bubbles are present)

Question 15

Lesions of Necrotic enteritis of poultry?

Answer 15

Lesions:

• enteritis,
• necrosis (sharp, jejunum, ileum),
• pseudomembrane;
• liver: enlarged,
• focal necrosis;
• serous,
• haemorrhagic cellulitis

Question 16

Diagnosis of Necrotic enteritis?

Answer 16

• Diagnosis

• Epidemiology
• Clinical signs
• PM lesions
• Detect the agent,
• detect the toxins (isolation from gut has no value)

Question 17

Treatment of Necrotic enteritis?

Answer 17

• Treatment:

• ABs,
• prebiotics (organic acids, galactose, fructose etc.),
• probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.)