17-03 Positive Pressure Attack

Question 1

What SOG is this SOG an extension of?

Answer 1

SOG 17-01 Ventilation

Question 2

What does PPA create?

Answer 2

a unidirectional flow path

Question 3

What does PPA remove from a structure? (3)

Answer 3

1. smoke
2. heat
3. other products of combustion

Question 4

What does PPA intend to achieve? (3)

Answer 4

1. tenable atmosphere
2. improve speed of access to fire location and/ or
3. location of patients

Question 5

What can be done to cool increase effectiveness and safety of PPA? (2)

Answer 5

1. using transitional attack

2. have interior crews apply water into upper portions of ceiling area while proceedig to fire room

Question 6

What is Backflow?

Answer 6

pressurized air coming out at inlet point

Question 7

How would one know if building is appropriate for PPA?

Answer 7

if no heavy smoke/ fire exhausting out of inlet point.

Question 8

What can be done to

Answer 8

f

Question 9

What can be done to make a building suitable for PPA? (2)

Answer 9

1. larger/ additional exhausts need to be created

2. vent fan needs to be throttlesd down

Question 10

What is Transitional Attack?

Answer 10

offensive fire attack initiated by exterior indirect handline operation into fire compartment.

Question 11

What does Transitional Attack achieve?

Answer 11

initiate cooling while transitioning into interior direct fire attack in coordination w/ ventilation

Question 12

What are considerations for PPA? (7)

Answer 12

1. 360 completed
2. flowpaths determined
3. confirm VES ops complete and protected occupants
4. fire location determined
5. fire does not involve structure
6. minimum 2 crews on scene
7. exhaust locations have been determined

Question 13

Where are fans placed for PPA? (2)

Answer 13

1. at point of entry from unburned side?

2. 2m back from entry point

Question 14

Why place fan 2m back from entry point?

Answer 14

1. create “cone” efect around door

2. allow access for crews

Question 15

How long is PPA used for?

Answer 15

brief durations, not meant for long term

Question 16

Where are personnel when PPA commenced?

Answer 16

outside of structure

Question 17

How can PPA be judged as to effectiveness? (3)

Answer 17

1. if improves atmosphere- continue with it
2. makes no changes- review all aspects and re-position
3. worsens condition- discontinue

Question 18

What are requirements prior to PPA being introduced? (2)

Answer 18

1. personnel ready with charged hoselie

2. flow path determined, perferably upwind

Question 19

What mode of attack is perferred tactical consideration?

Answer 19

Transitional attack

Question 20

How long to allow for ventilation prior to entering structure?

Answer 20

30- 60 seconds

Question 21

Where shall exhaust be located?

Answer 21

fire area

Question 22

What is size of exhaust opening?

Answer 22

ratio of 2:1 to entry size, minimum 1:1

Question 23

Why should exhaust outlet be protected?

Answer 23

potential exposures

Question 24

What are indicators of effectiveness of PPA? (2)

Answer 24

1. not enough flow (smoke/ flames/ heat) at EXHAUST
2. too much flow (smoke/ flames/ heat) at BACKFLOW
   - PPA discontinued/ re-evaluated

Question 25

What can be done to make PPA ineffective?

Answer 25

making additional openings adjacent to fire area

Question 26

What does making additional openings adjacent to fire area may accomplish?

Answer 26

creates additional flow paths with potential to draw fire into all flow paths

Question 27

What can be used for exposure control (where seperating walls have been breached)?

Answer 27

PPV

** strip malls/ appartments (due to plumbing, cracks)

Question 28

What may occur at exhaust during PPA?

Answer 28

“blow torch” effect

Question 29

What are precautions to be considered for PPA? (4)

Answer 29

1. do not direct stream into PPA exhaust
2. check all concealed spaces
3. ensure environment does not contain CLass B chemicals or dust explosion potential
4. not recommended for larger, open spaced, high ceilinged structures

Question 30

What structure is PPA NOT recommended for?

Answer 30

large, open, high ceilings