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Module 11 Sub Modules 11.1 - 11.10 > 11.2b Airframe Construction Methods > Flashcards

11.2b Airframe Construction Methods Flashcards

1
Q

what are frames or formers ?

A

Lateral fuselage or nacelle members giving a cross sectional shape which is often circular. They are used to give shape and provide strong attachment points.

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2
Q

Monocoque construction was very heavy, in order to combat this what was used?

A

Semi-monocoque construction using stringers and other components to transfer loads.

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3
Q

What are bulkheads?

A

Give shape to the fuselage but do not have an aperture and usually act to close off or Partion an area. E.g pressure bulkheads or fireproof bulkheads

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4
Q

What are longerons?

A

Main longitudinal member of a fuselage or nacelle.

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5
Q

What type of loads do longerons take?

A

The main support for bending loads

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6
Q

What can longerons be supplemented by ?

A

Stringers

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7
Q

What are stringers ?

A

Smaller and lighter than longerons and serve as stiffeners that assist sheet materials to carry loads along their length however they mainly create the shape of the skin

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8
Q

What are used to attach the skin to the frame and stringers?

A

Clips and cleats

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9
Q

What are doublers?

A

Additional sections of material used to reinforce ares of skin that require a little extra strength

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10
Q

Where are doublers often found ?

A

Around apertures such as doors or windows

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11
Q

What can also be used as a crack stopper ?

A

Doublers, placed at 90° to the path of the anticipated crack, which reduces the rate of further propergation

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12
Q

What are struts and what are they used for ?

A

Load bearing components that primarily handle compression forces, typically transmits loads from one part of the fuselage to another

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13
Q

What are ties ?

A

Elements that handle tension forces employed to maintain the structural integrity of various parts of the fuselage

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14
Q

When ties and struts are used in conjunction what can this form ?

A

Truss like structures that effectively distribute loads and provide stability

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15
Q

What are ties typically made from ?

A

Steel or titanium

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16
Q

What do ties ensure ?

A

Resist tension forces and rigidity

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17
Q

What are floorboards made of ?

A

Honeycomb composite construction which are screwed down to floor beams made from aluminium or composite

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18
Q

What do floor beams do ?

A

Primary structure that carry tension loads during pressurisation

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19
Q

How are floorboards protected from corrosion ?

A

Foam tape on the underside around the edges where they contact the structure or sealed in “wet areas”

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20
Q

What must be considered when considering the structure of an aircraft ?

A

Strength to weight ratio

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21
Q

What ways can we reinforce structures ?

A

-doublers
-butt straps
-cleats
-gussets
-fishplates
-angles
-stiffeners

22
Q

What principle is wing construction based on ?

A

Semi- monocoque construction. With spars and ribs giving shape.

23
Q

What are ribs ?

A

a fore-and-aft structural member of an aerofoil that has the primary purpose of maintaining the correct contour of the covering but is usually also a stress-bearing component of the main structure.

24
Q

What are wings often covered with?

A

Stressed skin forming a box section that is then able to house integral fuel tanks

25
Q

What are the two types of general fuselage construction?

A

Truss type
Monocoque

26
Q

What is a truss ?

A

A truss is a rigid framework made up of members of :
Struts, beams and bars

27
Q

Where is the the truss type wing construction method used mostly ?

A

In fabric aircraft

28
Q

What is a strut?

A

Any rod or member designed to take compression loads

29
Q

What are the two types of monocoque construction?

A

True monocoque construction and more common semi monocoque

30
Q

What does true monocoque construction consist of?

A

Formers, frame assemblies and bulkheads to give shape

31
Q

On a monocoque construction what carries the stress?

A

The skin

32
Q

What is important about semi monocoque construction?

A

Skin is reinforced by longitudinal members and loads are shared between the skin and framework

33
Q

When a fuselage structure comes in structures, and the joints need to be reinforced, what is this called ?

A

Manufacturers joint or production break

34
Q

What is a semi monocoque type construction generally made from?

A

Aluminium alloys or steel and titanium in elevated temperatures

35
Q

What are the main advantages of a semi-monocoque construction?

A

-the bulkheads, frames, stringers and longerons give shape to the skin
-because of the way stresses are distributed throughout the skin, this construction method gives a lot more strength and rigidity

36
Q

How may a frame work be skinned ?

A
37
Q

What is the most likely method of skinning in modern composite skin aircraft ?

A

-filament wound into the frame or preformed and fastened to the frame with special fasteners and bonding techniques

38
Q

Why is aluminium widely used throughout aircraft ?

A

For its passivation property (passive film) an it’s strength

39
Q

What surface treatments can you perform to prevent corrosion ?

A

-Painting
-anodising
-using sealants

40
Q

What three sections are there to a pair of wings ?

A

Left wing ,centre wing box, right wing

41
Q

How many spars do a wing have ?

A

Front spar and rear spar. Some may also have a false spar for an attachment point for the landing gear

42
Q

The spars make up a “box” and are linked by formers, what are these called ?

A

Ribs

43
Q

What else does the construction of a wing often give space for ?

A

Fuel storage

44
Q

How are control surfaces connected to the wing ?

A

Control surfaces are attached to the rear wing spar

45
Q

What supports the centre wing box?

A

The keel beam and a series of heavy frames

46
Q

Despite holding the wings what other jobs do the centre wing box do ?

A

-can provide area for fuel storage
- help absorb impacts during flight such as turbulence

47
Q

How are the horizontal stabilisers attached ?

A

Following a similar construction the the wing, horizontal stabilisers attach to a centre box

48
Q

How is the vertical stabiliser attached ?

A

Attached using large machined fittings that align with the fuselage frames and longerons

49
Q

What is a engine pylon ?

A

Also known as the strut consist of a torque box, firewall, fire-seal, fairings, strut drains , a fan cowl support beam and engine attachment fittings.

50
Q

What is the primary function of an engine nacelle ?

A

To provide a streamline shape to the engine pylon, engine and all of their components

Module 11 Sub Modules 11.1 - 11.10 (82 decks)

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