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Science Revision > YR10 Biology, the Heart and Circulation > Flashcards

YR10 Biology, the Heart and Circulation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

A system that has not just one loop, but two loops- one that provides blood to the body, and another that moves blood to the lungs so it can be oxygenated.

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2
Q

What are the two different types of circulation in a double circulatory system?

A

Pulmonary circulation (goes to the lungs) an systemic circulation (goes to the body)

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a double circulatory system? (2)

A

-Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix
-The heart can generate two different pressures- a low pressure for the easily damaged alveoli in the lungs, and a high pressure for the rest of the body, so the blood can get there quickly.

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4
Q

What are the three stages of the heart pumping blood?

A

Atrial systole,ventricular systole and diastole

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5
Q

What happens in Atrial Systole?

A

-Atria contract, ventircles relaxed
-Blood flows from atria to ventricles
-Atrial sphincters close to prevent backflow into veins

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6
Q

What happens in ventricular systole?

A

-atria relax, ventricles contract.
-blood flows from RV into pulmonary artery and from LV into aorta
-Atrio-ventricular valves shut to prevent backflow into atria. valve tendons anchor valve flaps

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7
Q

What happens in diastole?

A

-all chambers relaxed.
-blood enters RA and LA
-semi-lunar valves shut to prevent backflow into ventricles

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8
Q

What happens in you have varicose veins?

A

The blood will pool or flow backwards

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9
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

leucocytes

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10
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

erthrocytes

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11
Q

What are the two different types of white blood cell and what do they do?

A

Lymphocytes- make anitbodies
Phagocytes- engulf microbes

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12
Q

Which type of white blood cell engulfs microbes?

A

Phagocytes

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13
Q

Which type of white blood cell makes antibodies?

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

to protect the body from disease

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15
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

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16
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A red pigment / a transport protein

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17
Q

Explain the adaptions of a red blood cell (3/4)

A

They are biconcave so there is a large SA:V ratio and reduce diffusion distance
Very small to fit through capillaries
no nucleus more room for haemoglobin

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18
Q

What is plasma?

A

yellow-coloured fluid
55% of blood
Carries RBCs, WBCs and platelets

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19
Q

Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

A

the right side

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20
Q

Which tissue makes up most of the heart?

A

muscle tissue

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21
Q

which artery supplies the heart?

A

coronary artery

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22
Q

which blood vessel leaves the liver?

A

hepatic vein

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23
Q

which blood vessel connects the gut and liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

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24
Q

which blood vessel supplies the liver?

A

hepatic artery

25
Q

which blood vessel supplies the gut?

A

meserteric artery

26
Q

which blood vessel connects the heart and the body? (leaving the heart)

A

aorta

27
Q

which blood vessel connects the top half of the body and the heart (entering the heart)

A

superior vena cava

28
Q

which blood vessel connects the lower half of the body and the heart (entering the heart)

A

inferior vena cava

29
Q

which blood vessel leaves the kidneys?

A

renal vein

30
Q

Which valve connects the ventricles and the lungs/body?

A

semi-lunar valve

31
Q

Which valve connects the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

tricuspid/atrio-ventricular/mitral valve

32
Q

Which valve connects the LA and the LV?

A

bicuspid/atrio-ventricular/mitral valve

33
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker?

A

A small device placed just under the skin of your chest, beneath your collar bone, that helps your heart pump blood regularly

34
Q

Where is the heart’s natural pacemaker and what does it do?

A

RA wall
sends electrical signals to heart muscle, so it beats continuously

35
Q

How are blocked coronary arteries treated?

A

Using stents

36
Q

What are the fatty desposits made of cholesterol called?

A

Atheroma

37
Q

What are small arteries/veins called?

A

Arterioles/venules

38
Q

What is a capillary?

A

smallest BV
connects arteries+veins
supplies organs w/ blood

39
Q

Where are capillaries found?

A

in organds

40
Q

How is the structure of capillaries adapted to the function?

A

-The large bed of capillaries creates a large SA for diffusion
-The size makes red blood cells squieeze through slower, allowing time for diffusion
-Pores for exchange
-One-cell thick walls for short diffusion distance

41
Q

How can you tell arteries and veins apart?

A

Arteries have a larger muscle, fibrous and endothelial layer. Veins have flaps.

42
Q

What is the blood pressure like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries have higher blood pressure, veins have lower

43
Q

What is the direction of blood flow like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries- away from heart
veins- to heart

44
Q

What is the oxygen content of blood like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries- higher
veins- lower

45
Q

What is the carbon dioxide like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries- lower
veins- higher

46
Q

What is the exception to the rule that states that arteries have more oxygenated blood than veins?

A

The pulmonary artery moves away from the heart but is not oxygenated yet. The same (vice-versa) is true for the veins

47
Q

What is the speed of flow like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries- higher
veins- lower

48
Q

What is the pulse like in arteries and veins?

A

arteries- present
veins- absent

49
Q

What substances produced by cells pass into capillaries?

A

Urea, CO2, lactic acid

50
Q

Which products of digestion are found in blood?

A

Glucose, amino acids, glycerol

51
Q

What proteins are found in blood?

A

antibodies, clotting factors, LDLs,HDLS

52
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

Water and dissolved solutes

53
Q

What kinds of dissolved solutes can be found in plasma?

A

Proteins, hormones, products of digestion, waste, minerals

54
Q

What are the advantages of artificial hearts?

A

-Doesn’t need a donor
-You don’t need to wait as long
-You don’t need to take immunosuppresants

55
Q

What are the benefits of heart transplants?

A

-Higher QoL
-More permenant
-You don’t need to carry a rucksack about with the heart in

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of heart transplants?

A

-You need to take immunosuppressants
-you may need to wait for a donor

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of artificial hearts?

A

-you need to wear a rucksack with the heart in
-you may need a replacement

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of stents?

A

-chest pain
-non-permenant, you may need stents in other vessels.
-cholesterol can still build up
-allergic reaction to xray dye

Science Revision (59 decks)

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