bio paper 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

how do you reduce the chance of developing type 2 diabetes

A

more excercise
less sugar/carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Explain the effect a high concentration of insulin has on blood glucose concentration

A

lowered bc glucose converted to glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

three harmful substances that can cause water pollution

A

fertiliser
sewage
toxic chemicals
herb/fungicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the effect of fertiliser leaking into rivers

A

algae multiply and block light so plants can’t photosynthesise
lack of oxygen 4 respiration – fish die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

effect of carbon monoxide on organisms

A

combines w/ haemoglobin
less o2 carried by blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

effect of particulates/soot on organisms

A

damage to lungs, bronchitis, ashtma
cover leaves, less photosynthesis, less glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

effect of acidic gases- so2,nox

A

damage to leaves, less photosynthesis
damage to roots/alters ions in soil- (eg phosphates) so less protein made
damage to lungs, bronchitis, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effect of GHGs on organisms

A

climate change->
flood, fires, droughts, ice melt,sea
level, extreme weather
o loss of habitat / food
o migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how can oil affect organisms

A

damages birds’ feathers
can’t fly and escape predators/get food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

effect of acid rain / acid on organisms

A

lowers pH of water
damages fish gills
bleaches coral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

effect of toxic substances on animals

A

damages / harms cells or bioaccumulation
o interferes with metabolism – e.g. respiration / protein
synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

uses of water in plants

A

photosynthesis
support
solvent for translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is more energy-efficient to rear cows indoors than to rear cows outdoors

A

less energy lost as
-heat
-movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suggest possible disadvantages of rearing cows indoors

A
  • increased spread of disease
    or
    increased use of drugs
    / antibiotics (to
    reduce disease)
  • more antibiotics in meat / milk
  • (extra) cost of heating /
    lighting / food / drugs
  • aggressive behaviour
    (causing harm)
    or
    ‘emotional’ stress reduces
    productivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a mutation?

A

a change in DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why did the scientist dilute the pond water?

A

to make the algae cells easier to count

16
Q

2 Explain why the decrease in body temperature is an advantage to the echidna
during hibernation.

A

lower temperature gradient
(between echidna and air) (1)
(so) loses less energy (1)
more energy available for vital life processes

17
Q

Explain why the echidna has a higher body temperature when it is active.

A

activity / movement requires
energy from respiration
(and) respiration / metabolism
releases heat (which increases
body temperature)
OR
respiration / metabolism
releases heat (which increases
body temperature) (1)
(which) increases the rate of
chemical reactions
or
increases enzyme activity (1)

18
Q

Explain how the dilation of blood vessels in the skin can help to decrease
body temperature

A

more blood flow to skin-> more heat is lost from blood
cools blood ->cools the
body

19
Q

Suggest why the athlete was advised to take salt tablets each day.

A

replace salt lost in sweat

20
Q

what is represented by a pentagon in drawings of DNA?

A

sugar

21
Q

what is A complementary?

A

T

22
Q

ideas for constant variables

A

volume
mass
SA
temperature
pH
species

23
Q

when a person drinks ice cold water, their brain’s temperature decreases- why?

A

blood cooled at stomach and flows to brain

24
Q

How does the thermoregulatory centre send information to sweat glands in the skin?

A

via neurones

25
Q

During exercise, the skin appears red.
What causes the skin to appear red?

A

dilation of blood vessels in the
skin

26
Q
  • how microorganisms in the layers of soil help to recycle chemicals in the
    dead plants
  • how the chemicals are used again by living plants.
A

digestion
enzymes
respiration
produce co2
release ions

in plants
co2 taken in by leaves by diffusion via stomata for photosynthesis which makes glucose/sugar/starch/cellulose or making
named ions taken in by roots by AT
nitrate ions to make AAs/proteins
phosphate for DNA

27
Q

is shade from a building abiotic or biotic

A

abiotic

28
Q

How should the student decide where to place the quadrat?
Give the reason for your answer.

A

grid+coords
to achieve randomness

29
Q

Using the mean from this investigation to calculate the number of daisy plants on the
lawn may not be accurate.
Give two reasons why

A

too few quadrats
or quadrat too small
sample may not be
representative of the lawn

30
Q

What is meant by the term ‘reflex action’?

A

response / reaction
automatic or no thinking or not
conscious or involuntary
ignore ref to brain

31
Q

A woman’s hand accidentally touches a hot object.
The woman moves her hand away rapidly.
Describe how the woman’s nervous system coordinates the reflex action.

A

receptor in skin of hand detects stimulus (temp change)
electrical impulses pass along neurones
impulses pass from sensory to relay to motor neurones
synapse between neurones where chemical crosses gap
synpases in spinal cord/CNs
effector is a muscle to pull the hand away

32
Q

endocrine vs nervous

A

encocrine:
slower, chemical, longer-lasting

33
Q

Describe how hormones control the menstrual cycle

A

FSH release from pituitary
stimulates maturation of egg
oestrogen from ovary inhibits FSH production, stimulates LH production

LH from pituitary
stimulates ovulation

progesterone release from
ovary inhibits FSH and LH
production
oestrogen and progesterone
maintain uterus lining

34
Q

The biomass of mackerel is much less than the combined biomass of krill and squid.
One reason for this is that the mackerel cannot digest all parts of the krill and squid.
Give two other reasons.

A

non eaten parts of squid/krill
energy used in respiration
excretion by mackerel

35
Q

Give evidence from Figure 17 to support the scientists’ suggestion.

A

parents of a given beak depth
produce offspring with several
beak depths

36
Q
A