Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Revision > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the seven nutrients?

A

Fat, minerals, water, fibre, protein, carbohydrates and vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where can you find carbohydrates? (List 7)

A

bread, pasta, rice,corn, potatoes, milk, popcorn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where can you find fats?

A

meat,butter, ghee, lard, cheese, cream, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, pastries, palm oil, coconut oil/cream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where can you find proteins?

A

meat, eggs, milk, nuts, fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where can you find fibre?

A

fruit, veg, bread,cereals,grains,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where can you find vitamins?

A

veg, fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another word for fats?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is carbohydrate’s main function in the body?

A

for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is protein’s main function in the body?

A

growth and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is mineral’s main function in the body?

A

in small amounts to make chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is vitamin’s main function in the body?

A

in small amounts for cells to work properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is lipid’s main function in the body?

A

for energy and cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you test for protein?

A

biuret

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you test for glucose?

A

benedict’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A

alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the positive reaction for the iodine test?

A

black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the positive reaction for the benedicts test?

A

brick red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the positive reaction for the biuret test?

A

Lilac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the positive reaction for the alcohol test?

A

clear with a top cloudy layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the tiny hairs on villi?

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is mastication?

A

chewing (mechanical digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

muscles in the oesphagus contracting in turn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

biological catalysts in living organisms. they speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being altered in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is denaturing?

A

When an enzyme is in the wrong pH or a temperature that is too high, the bonds holding the active site together break, and the enzyme is no longer complimentary with the substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

The smell of food triggers salivary glands to secrete saliva, containing amylase, which chemically breaks down starch. There is also mechanical digestion- chewing increases the food pieces’ surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does the oesphagus do?

A

Carries food to the stomach, push through with a series of muscular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is gastric juice?

A

a mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Contains acid that kills any ingested bacteria and produces protease to break down proteins. The muscular walls contract to churn food, to break it into smaller pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Produces protease, amylase and lipase. Soluble products of digestion are absorbed into the blood through the walls, which are covered in projections which increase the surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where are villi found?

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile, detoxifies blood and processes digested food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Produces digestive enzymes, which are secreted into the first segment of the small intestine. Also makes insulin which is secreted directly into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are lipids broken down into?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

36
Q

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

A

maltose, and eventually glucose

37
Q

What breaks down carbs?

A

carbohydrase

38
Q

What breaks down protein?

A

protease (versions include pepsin trypsin and pancreatic protease some of which may or may not be the same thing)

39
Q

What breaks down fats?

A

lipase

40
Q

What is amylase?

A

a type of carbohydrase

41
Q

where is amylase found?

A

saliva and small intestine

42
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores excess bile before releasing it into the small intestine

43
Q

What is the original colour of the biuret test?

A

Blue

44
Q

What is the original colour of the alcohol test?

A

colourless

45
Q

What is the original colour of the iodine test?

A

Brown

46
Q

What is bile used for?

A

Bile is alkaline so neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It emulsifiers fats to form small droplets which increases the surface area

47
Q

Which organs make enzymes?

A

Pancreas, liver, stomach, small intestine

48
Q

What is used in experiments modelling digestion?

A

Visking tubing

49
Q

What type of carbohydrate is found in potatoes?

A

Starch

50
Q

Which deficiency disease do you get from not eating enough vitamin c?

A

Scurvy.

51
Q

What is scurvy?

A

A deficiency disease you get from not eating enough vitamin c. Often sailors got scurvy on long sea voyages because they could not eat enough fresh fruit and veg.

52
Q

What is insulin?

A

The chief hormone for metabolising sugar

53
Q

What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

A

Lipase, carbohydrase and pancreatic protease

54
Q

What is the name for the series of muscular contractions that carries food down into the stomach ?

A

Peristalsis

55
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

the series of muscular contractions that carries food down into the stomach

56
Q

What is the name for the mass of chewed food that passes from the mouth to the stomach?

A

The bolus

57
Q

What is the bolus?

A

the mass of chewed food that passes from the mouth to the stomach

58
Q

What is the chyme?

A

the mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that leaves the stomach

59
Q

What is the name for the mass of partially digested food and gastric juices that leaves the stomach?

A

The chyme

60
Q

What type of acid does the stomach contain?

A

Hydrochloric acid

61
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

The LI is responsible for processing waste. Bacteria break down anything that has not been fully digested. As material passes through, water is absorbed into the blood.

62
Q

What do faeces contain?

A

Food debris (Fibre) and bacteria

63
Q

What does the rectum do?

A

Connects the large intestine to the anus
Receives faeces from the LI
Lets the person know there is stool to be evacuated
Holds the stool until evacuation

64
Q

How long is the rectum?

A

8 inches

65
Q

Digestion means to break food down into smaller, _____ molecules

A

Soluble

66
Q

Chemicals that speed up digestion are called…

A

Enzymes

67
Q

What type of enzyme does the stomach produce?

A

Protease

68
Q

Which parts of the body use mechanical digestion?

A

Mouth, stomach

69
Q

What is the name of the protease found in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

70
Q

What is the name of the protease found in the small intestine?

A

Trypsin

71
Q

What is the ideal pH for pepsin?

A

2

72
Q

What is the ideal pH for trypsin?

A

9

73
Q

What is the ideal pH for salivary amylase?

A

7

74
Q

What is the ideal pH for lipase?

A

8

75
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place?

A

Mouth, stomach, SI

76
Q

When the substrate is being broken down by an enzyme, what is it called?

A

enzyme-substrate complex

77
Q

How long is the small intestine and how does this help the digestion process?

A

7m of small intestine gives ample time for absorption of soluble molecules as food moves along

78
Q

How thick is the wall of the SI?

A

One cell thick

79
Q

What is the part of the enzyme that the substrate fits into?

A

the active site

80
Q

What does catalase break down?

A

hydrogen peroxide

81
Q

What are the adaptions of the small intestine? (4)

A

7m long
one cell thick walls
villi + microvilli
good blood supply

82
Q

What is the peak of an graph called (ie temperature)

A

optimum

83
Q

What is is called when the graph flattens out

A

plateauing

84
Q

What does Q10=2 mean?

A

For every 10 degrees the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases

85
Q

What chemical is in bile that neutralises the acid from the stomach?

A

Sodium hydrogcarbonate

86
Q

What should you NOT mention when writing about enzymes?

A

Kinetic energy

Science Revision (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions