physics paper 2

Question 1

two factors that affect the distance an electric car can go before it needs to recharge

Answer 1

battery capacity
speed
weight
uphill/downhill

Question 2

Method a- thin line of light, protractor on paper, method b vice versa. why is A better?

Answer 2

protractor does not have to be repositioned
ray in method A does not diverge, making it easier to judge the centre of the ray

Question 3

Give factors that increase the braking distance of a car.

Answer 3

wet conditions
poor brake conditions
increased car mass
increased speed
negative road gradient

Question 4

Explain why the driver’s reaction time affects the thinking distance of a car.

Answer 4

distance = speed × time
(so) longer reaction time =
longer distance

Question 5

The average speed of a car between the cameras and the average velocity of the car
between the cameras are different

Answer 5

velocity is a vector and speed is
a scalar
road is not straight
therefore direction changes so
the velocity changes

Question 6

Why does the hailstone accelerate?

Answer 6

there is a resultant force acting downwards

Question 7

explain why it reaches terminl velocity [3]

Answer 7

as the velocity of the hailstone
increases air resistance
increases
until air resistance becomes
equal to the weight of the
hailstone
so the resultant force is (equal
to) zero

Question 8

Which of the following is the same as 1 joule?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
1 Nm
1 N/m
1 N/m2
1 Nm2

Answer 8

1 N m

Question 9

what is meant by centre of mass?

Answer 9

the point from which weight may
be considered to act

Question 10

Explain one property of the spring that makes it suitable for use in the balance

Answer 10

deforms elastically
(so) will return to its original
length / shape (after force is
removed)
OR
compression is directly
proportional to the force
(applied) (1)
(so) gives a linear scale (1)

Question 11

Describe what is meant by red-shift.

Answer 11

the (observed) increase in
wavelength (of light from
galaxies)
as galaxies move away from us

Question 12

Explain how Figure 11 provides evidence for the Big Bang theory

Answer 12

the furthest galaxies are moving
away (from the Milky Way) the
fastest
(which suggests that) at some
time all galaxies / matter started
at the same point

Question 13

Sometimes scientists have to change theories about the universe.
Give the reason why

Answer 13

when new evidence doesn’t fit
current model

Question 14

The input pd causes an alternating current. box
Explain why there is an alternating current in the output when the transformer is
connected to a circuit

Answer 14

AC current causes
a changing AC field
around coil 1
creates AC field that
core
this induces an alternating
PD across coil 2, causing an AC current

Question 15

Explain why the forces on the brick at the bottom of the pool cause the brick to be
stationary

Answer 15

upthrust acts (upwards on the
brick)
normal contact force acts
upwards (on the brick)
weight is equal to upthrust plus
normal contact force

Question 16

The student attached the mass holder to the string.
The string rubbed along the edge of the bench as the mass holder fell to the floor.
Suggest what the student could do to prevent the string from rubbing.

Answer 16

use a pulley on the edge of the bench