Elements and atoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements and/or compounds chemically joined

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2
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more elements and/or compounds mixed together but not chemically joined

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

two or more chemically joined atoms

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5
Q

In the periodic table, what is a row also called?

A

A period

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6
Q

In the periodic table, what is a collumn also called?

A

A group

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7
Q

In the periodic table, how do you group elements into groups?

A

Elements with the same number of electrons in the outer shell are in the same group

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8
Q

In the periodic table, how do you group elements into periods?

A

Elements with the same number of shells are in the same period

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9
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist

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10
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A formula that shows the relative amounts of atoms of each element in a compound

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11
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A one-letter or two-letter code used by scientists in all countries

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12
Q

All metals take the shape of…

A

… A lattice

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13
Q

Copper sulfate + iron ->

A

iron sulfate + copper

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14
Q

What do you add to the end of an element in a compound if it has oxygen in it?

A

-ate (Sulfur->sulfate)

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15
Q

What do you add to the end of an element in a compound if it doesn’t have oxygen in it?

A

-ide (Sulfur->sulfide)

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16
Q

What is a lattice?

A

A regular array of particals

17
Q

When metals and non-metals join together, what shape do they take?

18
Q

When non-metals bond together, what shape do they (almost) always take?

A

A gas molecule

19
Q

What is a shell?

A

Where you find the electrons in an atom; outside the nucleus

20
Q

How many electrons does the first shell hold?

21
Q

How many electrons does the second shell hold?

22
Q

How many electrons does the third shell hold?

A

18 (pretend it’s 8 though)

23
Q

How many electrons does the fourth shell hold?

24
Q

What is the nucleus? (chemistry)

A

Where you find the protons and the neutrons in an atom

25
What is the formula for amount of neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number = neutrons
26
What is an atomic number?
The amount of protons
27
Which direction do periods run in the periodic table?
Horizontally
28
Which direction do groups run in the periodic table?
Vertically
29
What are the group 2 metals called?
Alkali Earth metals
30
An acid + a metal ->
Salt + hydrogen
31
An acid + a metal carbonate ->
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
32
Water + a metal ->
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
33
Why is hydrogen in the middle of the periodic table?
It does not have the reactive metal properties of group 1