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Science Revision > Chemistry GCSE Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

Chemistry GCSE Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour will litmus solution be in an acid?

A

red

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2
Q

What colour will litmus solution be in an alkali?

A

purple/blue

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3
Q

What colour will litmus solution be in a neutral substance?

A

purple

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4
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein be in an acid?

A

colourless

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5
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein be in an alkali?

A

pink

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5
Q

What colour will phenolphthalein be in a neutral substance?

A

colourless

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6
Q

What colour will methyl orange be in an acid?

A

pinkish red

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7
Q

What colour will methyl orange be in an a neutral substance?

A

orange

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8
Q

What colour will methyl orange be in an alkali?

A

yellow

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8
Q

What colour will methyl orange be in an alkali?

A

yellow

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9
Q

What colour will universal indicator be in an acid?

A

red/orange

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10
Q

What colour will UI be in an alkali?

A

purple/blue

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11
Q

What colour will UI be in a neutral substance?

A

green

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12
Q

How do litmus papers change in different pHs?

A

red litmus paper turns blue in an alkali, and vice-versa

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13
Q

What causes acidity?

A

the H+ ion

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14
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution, and hence its acidity.

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15
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

p- potenz, german word for power
H- (hydrogen)

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16
Q

what type of scale is the pH scale?

A

logarithmic

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17
Q

how many more times the amount of hydrogen does a pH-1 acid have than a pH-2 acid?

A

ten times

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18
Q

What is the name of the equipment you can use to measure a substance’s pH?

A

a pH probe or pH meter

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19
Q

How are solutions of acids made?

A

specific covalent molecules dissolved in water,which causes the molecules to break apart, generating hydrogen ions

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20
Q

What do the words concentrated and dilute refer to, in terms of acids?

A

The amount of acid molecules dissolved in water. A concentrated acid will have a large amount of acid molecules dissolved in a certain amount of water, and vice-versa

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21
Q

What do the words strong and weak refer to, in terms of acids?

A

The amount of the acid molecules that have been split apart into ions.

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21
Q

What is dissociation?

A

acid molecules splitting into ions

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21
Q

What is ionisation?

A

acid molecules splitting to ions

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22
Q

What is another word for dissociation?

A

ionisation

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23
Q

What makes an acid a strong one?

A

It will completely dissociate into ions in water- all of the molecules will have broken apart to form hydrogen ions.

24
Q

Give some examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid

25
Q

What makes an acid a weak one?

A

Only a small proportion of the molecules will have dissociated into ions. The solution mostly contains undissociated molecules, and a low number of ions

26
Q

Give an example of a weak acid

A

ethanoic acid

27
Q

What is the formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH₃COOH

28
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that can neutralise an acid, soluble or not

29
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base/a substance that releases OH- ions when dissolved

30
Q

what causes alkalinity?

A

the OH- ion

31
Q

Give some examples of strong alkalis

A

Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide

32
Q

Give an example of a weak alkali

A

ammonia

33
Q

What is the product of a reaction between a reactive metal and an acid?

A

metal salt + hydrogen

34
Q

What is the product of a reaction between a base and an acid?

A

metal salt + water

35
Q

What is the product of a reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid?

A

metal salt + water + CO2

36
Q

What is the product of a reaction between ammonia and an acid?

A

an ammonium salt

37
Q

if the end result of a reaction was an ammonium salt, what were the reactants?

A

ammonia + an acid

38
Q

if the end result of a reaction was a metal salt and hydrogen, what were the reactants

A

reactive metal + acid

39
Q

if the end result of a reaction was water and a metal salt, what were the reactants?

A

base + acid

40
Q

give four examples of non reactive metals

A

Gold, silver, platinum, copper

41
Q

How do you write an ionic equation?

A

1) write balanced equation
2) rewrite equation separating out ions in the compounds and the acid. covalent compounds stay unseparated
3)cancel ions that appear on either side
4)write the ionic equation

42
Q

What is the name of the ion that you remove to make an ionic equation?

A

spectator ion

43
Q

How do you do the excess base method?

A

add excess base 2 acid
filter out insoluble base
heat the filtrate to evaporate most but not all water, you do not want it to be anhydrous

44
Q

When do you use the excess base method?

A

When the base is insoluble, and the salt is soluble

45
Q

When should you use titration?

A

When you start with an alkali and finish with a soluble salt

46
Q

When should you use precipitation?

A

When you start with an alkali and finish with an insoluble salt

47
Q

What is titration?

A

When two solutions are carefully mixed to determine the exact volumes of each which react together

48
Q

What do you call the moment in titration when the reaction is complete?

A

the end-point

49
Q

What equipment do you need for titration?

A

(among other things) a pipette and a burette

50
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding sodium salts?

A

All are soluble

51
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding potassium salts?

A

All are soluble

52
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding ammonium salts?

A

All are soluble

53
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding nitrates?

A

All are soluble

54
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding carbonates?

A

All are insoluble, except group 1 + NH4

55
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding hydroxides?

A

All are insoluble, except group 1+ NH4

56
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding chlorides?

A

All are soluble except silver and lead

57
Q

What are the solubility rules surrounding sulphates?

A

All are soluble, except barium, lead and calcium sulphates

58
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

59
Q

Why should potassium sulphate not be made from the reaction between potassium and sulphuric acid?

A

As a group 1 metal, potassium is highly reactive so such a reaction would be dangerous

60
Q

Why could copper sulfate not be made from a reaction between copper and sulphuric acid?

A

Copper is not reactive enough

61
Q

Give a detailed method for making a pure sample of the salt nickel chloride frim nickel oxide (insoluble base) (Four marks)

A

-Add HCl to NiO
-Add excess NiO
-Filter off NiO
-Evaporate water

62
Q

why do you use a burette in titration? (2 points)

A

it is an accurate way to measure a substance which measures variable volumes- you don’t know how much it will be

63
Q

in titration, you repeat until you have…

A

concordant results

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