YR10 Biology, Health Flashcards
What are the four different types of pathogen?
Fungi, bacteria, protist, virus
What is the difference between a communicable and non communicable disease?
Communicable can be caught, and vice versa
Good health is…
complete mental and physical well-being
Cardiovascular disease can be caused by…
Poor diet, smoking, lack of execise
Type 2 diabetes can be caused by…
obesity
liver and brain damage can be caused by…
alcohol
low birth weight and premature birth can be caused by…
smoking
abnormal foetal brain development can be caused by…
alcohol
cancer can be caused by
carcinogens and radiation
lung disease and cancer can be caused by…
smoking
what is a tumour?
a lump of cancerous cells
How does cancer arise?
When cells divide uncontrollably
What type of pathogen causes Salmonella?
Bacteria
What type of pathogen causes Gonorrhoea?
Bacteria
What type of pathogen causes measles?
virus
What type of pathogen causes malaria?
protists?
What are the symptoms of measles?
Fever
skin rash
fatal with complications
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Causes a flu-like illness initially, but late stage HIV - AIDS- occurs when the body’s immune system is so damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea.
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
thick yellowgreen discharge, pain when urinating
What are the symptoms of malaria?
recurrent episodes of fever
can be fatal
How is measles spread?
through the inhalation of droplets form sneezes and coughs
How is salmonella spread?
bacteria ingested in food, or food prepared in unhygeinic conditions
How is gonorrhoea spread?
sexual contact
How is malaria spread?
through a vector- mosquitos
How is HIV spread?
sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids, such as when drug users share needles
How can measles be controlled?
Most children are vaccinated against it
How can salmonella be controlled?
Vaccinating poultry and cleaning kitchens
How can HIV/gonorrhoea be controlled?
contraception
How can malaria be controlled?
stopping the life cycle of the protist, by killing the larvae, eggs or mosquitos, putting up mosqutio nets. Oil is put on stagnant pools of water so the larvae can’t respire, or the pools are drained.
What is the site of reproduction of bacteria?
rapidly in your body but not inside your cells
What is the site of reproduction of viruses?
they hijack your cells to produce more viruses. the cell bursts and this releases new viruses
What is the site of reproduction of fungi?
damp conditions, like feet
What is the life cycle of malaria?
mosqutio consumes infected blood while feeding-> sexual reproduction of malaria parasite->Female anopeheles mosquito bites human->malaria parasite infects liver and reproduces asexually->malaria parasites in human blood
What are the three types of defense that plants have?
Chemical physical and mechanical
List some chemical defences that plants have (2)
Antibacterial chemical are increased when the plant is attacked, and poisons that make the plant taste bad to herbivores, or kill them
List some physical defences that plants have
A waxy cuticle to stop pathogens entering the epidermis, thick cellulose wall to stop pathogens entering the wall, layers of dead cells around stems that prevent pests from getting to the phloem
List some mechanical defences that plants have
Thorns and hairs prevent grazing/egg laying
Leaves drooping/ curling when tuched
mimicry- features to prevent egg laying/grazing
eg anthers look like aphids.
What are the symptons of the tobacco mosaic virus?
Symptoms include mottling, discoloured leaves, curled leaves, yellow streaks/spots,
What do aphids do that are bad to plants? (make better wording)
Aphids damage leaves and act as vectos carrying pathogens. They pierce phloem tubes and feed on the sap. Symptons include stunted growth, mottled/yellow leaves, low yields
What are the symptons of the rose black spot, and what type of pathogen causes it?
fungus
purple/black spots
yellow and falling off early and black, scablike spots on the leaves.
What are the symptons of a nitrate deficiency?
stunted growth (no minerals for protein)
What are the symptons of a magnesium deficiency?
Chlorosis (yellow leaves, lack of chlorophyll), stunted growth
How can aphid-carried diseases be treated and controlled?
insectisides, removing aphids by han, using natural predators
How can rose black spot be treated and controlled?
collecting and burning fallen leaves/burying under layers of mulch, prune out all stem lesions in spring before leaves appear, fungicides
How can tobacco mosaic virus be treated and controlled?
disinfecting tools, removing infected plants and weeds (including burning them)
How can magnesium deficiences be treated?
adding nutrients to the soil
