The Endocrine System and Homeostasis Flashcards
which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
thyroxine
Which hormone controls metabolic rate?
thyroxine
Which hormones are released from the pituitary gland? (6)
FSH, LH, Growth Hormone (STH), ADH,TSH,ACTH
What does FSH do?
controls sperm/egg development
what does LH do?
controls female ovulation
what does STH do?
controls growth
what does TSH do?
causes the thyroid gland to release thyroxine
what does ACTH do?
causes the adrenal gland to release adrenaline
what does ADH stand for and what does it do?
anti-diuretic hormone, controls water content of body by kidney
What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
Insulin and Glucagon
what is the name of the area in the pancreas which produces hormones?
The Islets of Langerhans
What does insulin do?
lowers blood glucose levels
What does glucagon do?
raises blood glucose levels
which hormones are produced in the ovaries?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
What does progesterone do?
maintains uterus lining thickness
what does oestrogen do?
controls secondary female sexual characteristics
what does testosterone do?
controls secondary male sexual characteristics
in which ways does the body increase body temperature?
Shivering, vasoconstriction, hairs stand up
how does shivering increase body temperature?
skeletal muscles contract rapidly and the person shivers, which releases energy, some of which is released as heat
how does vasoconstriction increase body temperature?
blood vessels narrow
less blood flows
conserve temp
how do hairs standing up increase body temperature?
nerve impulses sent to hair erector muscles which contract
raising hairs
trapping layer of insulating air
what is body temp?
37 degrees celcius
which four hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?
FSH,LH,Growth Hormone,ADH
what does fsh stand for?
follicle stimulating hormone
what does lh stand for?
luteinizing hormone
what does thyroxine do?
controls metabolic rate
where is thyroxine made?
thyroid gland
where is adrenaline made?
adrenal gland
what does fsh do?
causes the follicles in the ovaries to mature, one faster than others, causes ovaries to release oestrogen
which hormones inhibit fsh?
oestrogen,progesterone
what do follicles contain?
ova, immature eggs
what does oestrogen do?
causes the uterus lining to build up,causes LH to be released
why does oestrogen inhibit FSH?
so only one egg matures
which hormome causes the production of LH?
Oestrogen
which hormone is made when the pituitary gland detects oestrogen?
LH
what does LH do?
causes follicle to release egg
remains of the follicle produce progesterone
how does the egg move alone the fallopian tubes?
It’s swept along by cillia
what does progesterone do?
inhibits LH, keeps uterus lining thick
what happens if the egg is fertilised?
the egg embeds itself in the uterus lining and the ovaries continue releasing progesterone which triggers the changes necessary for pregnancy
what happens if the egg isn’t fertilised?
the follicle stops producing progesterone , menstruation starts. the drop in progesterone and oestrogen causes FSH to be released again
what do condoms do?
provides a barrier to sperm so they are unable to get to the egg
what do diaphrams do?
acts as a barrier in the vagina to prevent sperm from entering the uterus
Which hormones are used in the mixed pill for contraception and why?
Progesterone andd oestrogen inhibit fsh production/release, so no mature egg and thicker cervical mucus to block sperm
Which hormones is a woman given before ivf?
Lh+FSH
How long are embryos allowed to develop in ivf?
5 days
