Genetics and Variation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of the same gene

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2
Q

What is a gene?

A

section of dna that codes for a particular characteristic

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The two alleles for a gene

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4
Q

What does homozygous/heterozygous mean?

A

if the genotype is made up of the same/ different alleles

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5
Q

What is a characteristic only expressed in a homozygous genotype?

A

Recessive

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6
Q

What is a characteristic only expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

A

Dominant

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7
Q

What are genes made of?

A

DNA

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8
Q

What is another word for discontinous variable?

A

Discrete

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9
Q

what is phenotype?

A

physical appearance based of genotype

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10
Q

What is a punnet square?

A

A square where you write down alles and work what percentage chance you have of getting different characteristics

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11
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

Difference in characteristics not based of dna

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12
Q

Describe the process of speciation

A

-population becomes geographically isolated from original
-new population exposed to new environmental conditions
-mutations may occur, creating variation and new phenotypes in new population
-natural selection means those best adapted survive & pass on genes
-over time the new population changes to a point where it can’t interbreed with the old one

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13
Q

Mnemonic for taxonomy

A

(do) Kangaroos Prefer Cake Or Frosting, Generally Speaking?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

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14
Q

What did Wallace do?

A

noticed asian animals were very different to those in australia
Named the land divide the wallace line
Theorized they’d once been similar but seperated by tectonic plates

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15
Q

what can caused the geographical divide that starts the process of speciation?

A

mountain formation
continental drift
splitting of habitats (building roads, deforestation)

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16
Q

What is extinction?

A

extinction occurs when no members of a species are left alive

17
Q

What can cause extinction?

A

invasive species
pollution
habitat loss
over consumption/exploitation
population growth (humans)
changes to environment (ph temp)
extreme events

18
Q

what is a species?

A

a species is a group of organisms with similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Animalia?

A

Eukaryotes
multicellular
no cell wall
heterotrophic
movement

20
Q

what are the characteristics of Plantae?

A

Eukaryote
multicellular
cell wall
phototrophic
movement

21
Q

what are the characteristics of Fungi?

A

Eukaryotes
single and multicellular
cell wall
heterotrophic
movement

22
Q

what are the characteristics of protists?

A

eukaryotes
single celled
some have cell walls
both heterotrophic and phototrophic
movement

23
Q

what are the characteristics of Prokaryota?

A

prokaryotes
single celled
cell wall
both phototrophic and heterotrophic
movement

24
Q

what are the five kingdoms?

A

animalia, plantae, fungi, protists, prokaryota

25
Q

Which kingdoms are heterotrophic?

A

animalia, fungi, protists, prokaryota

26
Q

which kingdoms are phototrophic?

A

plantae, protists, prokaryota

27
Q

what is a heterotroph?

A

an organism that cannot produce its own food

28
Q

what is a phototroph?

A

an organism that can produce its own food

29
Q

what are the three domains?

A

bacteria, archaea and eukaryota

30
Q
A