Plants (part 2) Flashcards
What do phloem vessels transport?
sucrose and amino acids
Do phloem cells contain cytoplasm?
yes
What is the movement of sucrose and amino acids called?
translocation
What are the adaptions of phloem cells?
Sieve plates, companion cells, reduced internal structure, a two-way flow
What are sieve plates?
Perforated walls that connect the phloem cells, so water with dissolved foods can move freely through
Do phloem cells have a nucleus?
no
Do phloem cells have a vacuole?
no
What are companion cells?
Cells with lots of mitochondria surrounding the phloem cells that provide the energy the phloem needs to transport the sucrose and animo acids
Why do phloem cells have a reduced internal structure?
To reduce resistance for translocation
In summer, where is the source in a potato-like plant?
photosynthesising leaves
In summer, where is the sink in a potato-like plant?
roots for storage
In winter, where is the source in a potato-like plant?
storage organs
In winter, where is the sink in a potato-like plant?
other parts of plants for respiration
In spring, where is the source in a potato-like plant?
storage organs, eg roots
In spring, where is the sink in a potato-like plant?
growing areas- eg new shoots and roots
what colour will a positive result to the iodine test give?
blue-black
what colour will a negative result to the iodine test give?
orange-brown
Which chemical is added in the bubble experiment to supply CO2?
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
What is the acronym used to remember what glucose is used for and what does it stand for?
Respiration Starch Protein Cellulose fats And lipids
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Does chlorophyll contain starch?
yes
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?
light intensity, CO2, temperature, water, chlorophyll
the graph for the limiting factors of photosynthesis looks the same for all but one of the limiting factors. which one, and why?
Temperature- although the higher temperatures give the particles more kinetic energy so they can react quicker, eventually the enzymes denature
How are plants adapted to maximise photosynthesis?
- large SA
- palisade cells have many chloroplasts
- palisade cells are at the top of the cell
- spongy mesophyll are irregular to maximise air space
- thick cuticle made of wax to prevent damage without blocking sunlight
how does more chlorophyll lead to a larger crop yield?
more chlorophyll V more light absorbed for photosynthesis V more photosynthesis V more glucose and starch production V more substances for respiration V more energy released for growth V larger crop yield
What does a deficiency in magnesium cause for plants?
Yellow leaves
What does a deficiency in nitrates cause for plants?
Poor growth, yellow leaves
What does a deficiency in potassium cause for plants?
Poor root growth, discoloured leaves
What does a deficiency in phosphorus cause for plants?
Poor fruit and flower growth, discoloured leaves
Yellow leaves are a symptom of…
Magnesium and nitrate deficiencies
Poor root growth is a symptom of…
Phosphorus
Poor fruit and flower growth is a symptom of…
Potassium
Why, in an experiment about mineral deficiencies in plants, would a scientist cover the tube with black paper?
To simulate the roots being underground
Give an example of biological control in greenhouses
Ladybirds eating aphids.
Glucose can be stored as…
Insoluble starch
Your data is _____ if it can be obtained by a different team with the same method
Reproducible
Which mineral ion is used to make chlorophyll?
Magnesium
What is the formula for light intensity?
Intensity = 1/d^2 (arbitrary units)
If a plant needs minerals, we can…
Give it fertilisers
