XI Chap 9 Biomolecules Flashcards
An elemental analysis on plant tissue, animal tissue or microbial paste would result in what elements?
carbone, hydrogen, oxygen
The elemental analysis on a plant/animal tissue and a piece of earth’s crust would obtain similar elements. T or F?
True
Relative abundance of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with respect to other elements is higher in ____________
living organisms or Earth’s crust?
living organisms
Describe how to conduct chemical analysis
take any living tissue
grind it in trichloroacetic acid –> thick slurry
strain using cheesecloth/cotton -> examine the filtrate for organic compounds
More technically accurate name for filtrate and retentate in chemical analysis of living tissue?
Filtrate: Acid-soluble pool
Retentate: acid-insoluble fraction
All the carbon compounds that we get from living tissues can be called ___________
biomolecules
Living organisms have both organic and inorganic elements and compounds in them. T or F?
True
How does one obtain the inorganic elements/compounds from living tissue?
Destructive experiment
Dry it, remaining material is dry weight. Burn tissue fully, all C compounds are oxidised to gaseous forms, remaining contains inorganic elements
What is ‘ash’
remains after drying and burning a tissue
Inorganic substances like sulphate and phosphate are also seen in the acid-soluble fraction. T or F?
True
Elemental analysis gives ____________ while analysis for compounds gives _________
elemental composition of living tissues (hydrogen, oxygen, etc.)
idea of organic and inorganic constituents
Amino acids are ______ compounds containing an amino group and a acidic group as ________ on the same ______
organic, substituents, carbon
Amino acids are on the alpha carbon, hence they are called ________
alpha amino acids
Amino acids are substituted _______
methanes
In amino acids, there are 4 _________ groups occupying ____ valency positions.
substituent, 4
What are the 4 substituent groups in amino acids?
Hydrogen
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Variable - R group
Based on the nature of _____ group there are many amino acids.
R
Only ______ (how many) types of amino acids occur in proteins
20
3 examples of R group in proteinaceous amino acids?
hydrogen H (glycine),
methyl group CH3 (alanine),
hydroxy methyl CH2-OH (serine)
Chemical and physical properties of amino acids are essentially of:
amino, carboxyl and R functional groups
Based on number of amino and carboxyl groups, there are _____ (what types of amino acids?)
acidic (glutamic)
basic (lysine, arginine)
neutral (valine)
What are some aromatic amino acids?
tyrosine,
phenylalanine,
tryptophan
Why is it that in solutions of different pH the structure of amino acids changes?
due to the ionizable nature of NH2 and COOH groups
% weight of the Hydrogen in Earth’s crust vs human body
0.14% (earth’s crust) vs 0.5% (human)