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Biology (NCERT) - Class XI > XI Chap 3 Plant Kingdom > Flashcards

XI Chap 3 Plant Kingdom Flashcards

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1
Q

Cyanobacteria (aka blue-green algae) come under the group ‘algae’. T or F?

A

False, in earlier classifications but not anymore

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2
Q

Earliest systems of classification used only __________

A

gross superficial morphological characters

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3
Q

Earlier systems of plant classification based on _______________ or ________________ were artificial

A

vegetative characters,

androecium structure

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4
Q

More recent systems of classification that consider not just external but also internal characters such as anatomy, embryology, etc. are termed __________ systems

A

natural classification systems

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5
Q

Natural classification system for flowering plants was given by __________

A

George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker

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6
Q

At present, __________ classification systems based on evolutionary relationships between various organisms are acceptable.

A

phylogenetic

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7
Q

What is the assumption underlying phylogenetic classification systems?

A

Organisms belonging to the same taxa have a common ancestor

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8
Q

__________ is now easily carried out using computers and is based on all observable characteristics

A

Numerical Taxonomy

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9
Q

_____taxonomy is based on cytological information like chromosome number

A

Cytotaxonomy

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10
Q

_____taxonomy is based on chemical constituents of the plant

A

chemotaxonomy

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11
Q

__________ are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largely aquatic (fresh water and marine)

A

Algae

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12
Q

Algae occur on a variety of habitats like __________

A

moist stones, soils and wood

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13
Q

Algae can also be found associated with fungi as in __________ and with animals as in __________

A

lichen, on sloth bear

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14
Q

Forms and size of algae are largely similar. T or F?

A

False, highly variable

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15
Q

A few marine forms of algae such as __________ form massive plant bodies

A

kelps

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16
Q

Algae reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. T or F?

A

True

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17
Q

Vegetative reproduction in algae is by __________

A

fragmentation

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18
Q

In vegetative reproduction of algae, each fragment develops into a __________

A

thallus

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19
Q

Asexual reproduction in algae is by the production of a particular type of spore. T or F?

A

False, different types of spores

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20
Q

Most common spore in asexual reproduction of algae is __________

A

zoospore

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21
Q

Algal zoospores are __________ (ciliated / flagellated / non-motile)

A

flagellated (motile)

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22
Q

Sexual reproduction of algae involves fusion of two __________ (flagellated / non-flagellated) gametes

A

Could be either - flagellated or non-flagellated

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23
Q

Give Examples of Algae:
Flagellated and similar in size gametes: __________
Non-flagellated and similar in size gametes: _________
Dissimilar in size gametes: __________
One large non-motile F and smaller motile M gamete: __________

A

Ulothrix,
Spirogyra,
Eudorina,
Volvox / Fucus

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24
Q

Fusion of two gametes similar in size is called __________, dissimilar in size is called __________

A

isogamous,

anisogamous

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25
Q

What is oogamous reproduction?

A

Fusion between one large, static female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete e.g. Volvox, Fucus

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26
Q

Classify into green, brown and red algae

Laminaria
Polysiphonia,
Volvox,
Spirogyra, 
Poryphyra, 
Sargassum, 
Fucus, 
Gracilaria, 
Ulothrix,
Chlamydomonas,
Dictyota, 
Chara,
Gelidium 
Ectocarpus
A 
Laminaria - brown
Polysiphonia - red
Volvox - green
Spirogyra - green
Poryphyra - red
Sargassum - brown
Fucus - brown
Gracilaria - red
Ulothrix - green
Chlamydomonas - green
Dictyota - brown
Chara - green
Gelidium - red
Ectocarpus - brown
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27
Q

A half of the total carbon dioxide fixation on earth is carried out by __________ through __________

A

algae, photosynthesis

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28
Q

Being photosynthetic, algae increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. T or F?

A

True

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29
Q

__________ are primary producers of energy-rich compounds which is the basis of the food cycles of all aquatic animals

A

Algae

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30
Q

There are __________ (how many?) species of marine algae used as food.

3 examples?

A

70

Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum

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31
Q

Certain marine __________ and __________ algae (colors) produce large amounts of hydrocolloids e.g. __________ and__________

A

brown, red,

algin, carrageen

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32
Q

Hydrocolloids are __________-holding substances

A

water

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33
Q

Algin and carrageen are used commercially. T or F?

A

true

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34
Q

Agar one of the commercial products obtained from __________ and __________ is used to grow microbes in preparations of __________ and __________

A

Gelidium, Gracilaria, ice-creams, jellies

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35
Q

__________ a unicellular alga rich in proteins is used as food supplement even by space travellers

A

Chlorella

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36
Q

Algae are divided into 3 main classes:

A

Chlorophyceae (green)
Phaecophyceae (brown)
Rhodophyceae (red)

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37
Q

The plant body of Chlorophyceae is __________ (multicellular/unicellular) and __________ (colonial/filamentous/either)

A

unicellular, either

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38
Q

Chlorophyceae have pigments __________ and __________ localised in definite __________

A

chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chloroplasts

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39
Q

Shapes of chloroplasts in different species of Chlorophyceae?

A

discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral or ribbon-shaped

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40
Q

Chlorophyceae are found in what habitats?

A

Fresh water,
brackish water,
salt water

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41
Q

Most chlorophyceae have one or more storage bodies called __________ containing __________ and __________ located in the chloroplasts

A

pyrenoids, proteins, starch

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42
Q

Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. T or F?

A

True

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43
Q

Chlorophyceae usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of __________ and an outer layer of __________

A

cellulose, pectose

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44
Q

Vegetative reproduction in chlorophyceae usually takes place by __________ or __________

A

fragmentation, formation of spores

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45
Q

Asexual reproduction in chlorophyceae is by __________ produced in __________

A

flagellated zoospores, zoosporangia

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46
Q

Sexual reproduction in chlorophyceae shows considerable variation in the type and formation of sex cells and may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. T or F?

A

True

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47
Q

Members of phaeophyceae are found primarily in which marine habitats?

A

Fresh water,
(rarely) brackish water,
salt water

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48
Q

Phaeophyceae show great variation in size and form. T or F?

A

True

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49
Q

__________ range from simple branched, filamentous forms to profusely branched forms (e.g. kelps).

A

Phaeophyceae

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50
Q

Phaeophyceae possess __________, __________ and __________ pigments

A

chlorophyll a, c,
carotenoids
xanthophylls (fucoxanthin)

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51
Q

Phaeophyceae vary in color from olive green to various shades of brown depending on the amount of the __________ pigment, __________.

A

xanthophyll, fucoxanthin

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52
Q

In phaeophyceae, food is stored as complex carbohydrates which may be in the form of __________ or __________

A

laminarin or mannitol

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53
Q

Vegetative cells of phaeophyceae have a _________ cell wall usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of __________

A

cellulosic, algin

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54
Q

The protoplast of phaeophyceae contains __________, __________ and __________

A

plastids, a centrally located vacuole and nucleus

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55
Q

Plant body of phaeophyceae is usually attached to the substratum by a __________ and has a stalk called __________ and leaf-like photosynthetic organ called __________

A

holdfast, stipe, frond

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56
Q

Vegetative reproduction in phaeophyceae takes place by __________ whereas asexual reproduction is by __________ that are __________-shaped and have two __________

A

fragmentation,
flagellated zoospores,
pear-shaped,
unequal laterally attached flagella

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57
Q

Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous in phaeophyceae. T or F?

A

True

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58
Q

Union of phaeophyceae gametes takes place in water or within the __________

A

oogonium

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59
Q

Phaeophyceae gametes are __________ (pear-shaped) and bear two __________

A

pyriform, two laterally attached flagella

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60
Q

Rhodophyceae have a predominance of red pigment __________ in their body

A

r-phycoerythrin

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61
Q

What are the major pigments in rhodophyceae?

A

Chlorophyll a, d,

Phycoerythrin

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62
Q

What is the cell wall of rhodophyceae made of?

A

Cellulose, pectin and polysulphate esters

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63
Q

Majority of red algae are __________ (marine or freshwater) with greater concentrations found in __________ (cooler or warmer) areas

A

marine, warmer

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64
Q

What kinds of water are rhodophyceae found in?

A

Fresh water (some),
brackish water,
(most) salt water

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65
Q

Rhodophyceae occur in both well-lighted regions close to surface of water and at great depths in oceans where little light penetrates. T or F?

A

True

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66
Q

The red thalli of most of red algae are __________ (unicellular / multicellular)

A

multicellular

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67
Q

All rhodophyceae have complex body organization. T or F?

A

False, some

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68
Q

Food in rhodophyceae is stored as floridean starch which is very similar to __________ and __________ in structure

A

amylopectin, glycogen

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69
Q

Vegetative reproduction of rhodophyceae is by __________

A

fragmentation

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70
Q

Rhodophyceae reproduce asexually by __________ spores and sexually by __________ gametes

(motile / non-motile)

A

non-motile, non-motile

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71
Q

Sexual reproduction in rhodophyceae is ___gamous and accompanied by __________ post-fertilization developments

A

oogamous, complex

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72
Q

__________ are also called amphibians of plant kingdom

A

Bryophytes

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73
Q

Bryophytes can live in soil but are dependent on water for __________

A

sexual reproduction

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74
Q

Bryophytes usually occur in ______, ______ and ______ localities.

A

damp, humid, shaded

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75
Q

__________ play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks/soil

(Algae - Bryophytes - Fungi)

A

Bryophytes

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76
Q

Plant body of algae is more differentiated than bryophytes. T or F?

A

False, reverse

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77
Q

Plant body of bryophytes is thallus-like and prostrate/erect, and attached to the substratum by __________

A

unicellular or multicellular rhizoids

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78
Q

Bryophytes lack root-like, stem-like or leaf-like structures. T or F?

A

False, they have. They lack TRUE roots/stems/leaves.

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79
Q

The main plant body of bryophytes is __________ (haploid/diploid/haplo-diploid)

A

haploid

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80
Q

Bryophyte main plant body is a gametophyte or sporophyte?

A

gametophyte => produces gametes

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81
Q

Sex organs in bryophytes are __________ (unicellular / multicellular)

A

multicellular

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82
Q

Male sex organ of bryophyte is called __________ whereas female sex organ is called __________

A

Male - antheridium

Female - archegonium

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83
Q

Antheridium produce __________ whereas the archegonium produces __________

A

biflagellated antherozoids, single egg

84
Q

Archegonium is __________ shaped

A

flask

85
Q

Antherozoids of bryophytes are released into __________ where they come in contact with __________

A

water, archegonium

86
Q

An antherozoid fuses with the egg to produce __________.

A

Zygote

87
Q

Zygote of bryophytes undergoes reduction division immediately. T or F?

A

False, NOT IMMEDIATELY

88
Q

Bryophyte zygote produces a multicellular body called __________ which is not free-living but is attached to the __________ and derives __________ from it.

A

sporophyte,
photosynthetic gametophyte,
nourishment

89
Q

Some cells of the sporophyte undergo __________ (mitosis/meiosis) to produce __________ (diploid/haploid) spores

A

meiosis, haploid

90
Q

Bryophyte spores germinate to produce __________ (sporophyte / gametophyte)

A

gametophyte

91
Q

Bryophytes in general are of little economic importance. T or F?

A

True

92
Q

Some mosses provide food for __________ mammals, birds and other animals.

A

herbaceous

93
Q

Species of __________, a moss, provide peat that has long been used as a fuel and as __________ material because of their capacity to hold water.

A

Sphagnum, packing

94
Q

__________ along with __________ are the first colonise rocks and hence are of great ecological importance.

(Type of bryophytes)

A

Mosses, lichens

95
Q

Mosses and lichens decompose rocks making the substrate suitable for growth of __________

A

higher plants

96
Q

Since mosses form dense mats on soil, they reduce the impact of __________ and prevent __________

A

falling rain, soil erosion

97
Q

Bryophytes are divided into __________ and __________

A

liverworts, mosses

98
Q

Liverworts grow in ________, ________ habitats such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.

A

moist, shady

99
Q

Plant body of a liverwort is thalloid. T or F? e.g. _________

A

True, Marchantia

100
Q

Thallus of liverwort is __________ (ventral, dorsal, dorsiventral) and closely appressed to the __________

A

dorsiventral, substrate

101
Q

Leafy members of liverworts have __________ appendages in ______ (how many?) rows on the stem-like structures

A

tiny leaf-like, two

102
Q

Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by __________ or by __________

A

fragmentation of thalli,

formation of specialized structures called gemmae

103
Q

Gemmae are __________ (color),
__________ (unicellular / multicellular)
__________ (sexual / asexual) buds

A

green,
multicellular,
asexual

104
Q

Liverworts: Gemmae develop in small receptacles called __________

A

gemma cups

105
Q

Gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals. T or F?

A

True

106
Q

Liverworts:

During sexual reproduction, male and female sex organs are produced on same or different (or either) thalli?

A

Either same or different

107
Q

A liverwort sporophyte is differentiated into a __________, __________ and __________

A

foot, seta, capsule

108
Q 
Liverworts: 
After \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (mitosis, meiosis), spores are produced within the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

meiosis, capsule

109
Q

Liverwort spores germinate to form free-living __________ (sporophyte / gametophyte)

A

gametophyte

110
Q

Predominate stage of life cycle of a moss is __________ (sporophyte/gametophyte) which itself consists of ______ (how many?) stages

A

gametophyte, 2

111
Q

First stage of moss gametophyte is called __________ which develops directly from __________

A

protonema, spore

112
Q

Protonema is creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous. T or F?

A

True

113
Q

Second stage of moss gametophyte is __________ which develops from the secondary protonema as a __________

A

leafy stage, lateral bud

114
Q

Mosses: Leafy stage consists of upright, thick axes bearing spirally arranged leaves. T or F?

A

False, slender axes NOT thick

115
Q

Leafy stage mosses are attached to the soil through __________ and __________ rhizoids

A

multicellular and branched

116
Q

The __________ stage of mosses bears the sex organs.

Protonema, leafy stage

A

Leafy stage

117
Q

Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by __________ and __________ in the secondary protonema

A

fragmentation, budding

118
Q

Mosses:

In sexual production, the sex organs __________ and __________ are produced at the __________ of the leafy shoots.

A

Antheridia, archegonia, apex

119
Q

After fertilization, the moss zygote develops into a __________ (gametophyte / sporophyte) consisting of the parts: __________, __________ and __________

A

sporophyte,

foot, seta, capsule

120
Q

The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than in liverworts. T or F?

A

True

121
Q

The capsule of moss sporophyte contains __________ which are formed after __________ (mitosis / meiosis)

A

spores, meiosis

122
Q

Mosses have a __________ (simple / elaborate) mechanisms of spore dispersal.

A

elaborate

123
Q 
Classify into mosses or liverworts:
Polytrichum, 
Sphagnum 
Marchantia, 
Funaria
A

Polytrichum - moss
Sphagnum - moss
Marchantia - liverwort
Funaria - moss

124
Q

___________ include horsetails and ferns

A

Pteridophytes

125
Q

___________ are used for medicinal purposes and as soil-binders

A

Pteridophytes

126
Q

___________ are frequently grown as ornamentals

Gymnosperms - Pteridophytes - Bryophytes - Red algae

A

Pteridophytes

127
Q

___________ are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues - xylem and phloem.

A

Pteridophytes

128
Q

Pteridophytes are found in ___________ places

warm - damp - shady
warm - moist - sunny
cool - sunny - dry
cool - damp - shady

A

cool, damp and shady

129
Q

In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a ___________ (gametophyte / sporophyte)

A

sphorophyte

130
Q

Pteridophyte plant body is differentiated into root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures. T or F?

A

False, true roots, leaves and stem

131
Q

Leaves in pteridophytes are small (aka ___________) as in ___________ or large (aka ___________) as in ___________

A

microphylls - Selaginella

macrophylls - ferns

132
Q

Sporophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by _____-like appendages called ___________

A

leaf, sporophylls

133
Q

In some cases, sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called ___________ or ___________ (e.g. ___________, ___________)

A

strobili or cones

Selaginella, Equisetum

134
Q

Pteridophytes: Sporangia produce spores by ___________ (mitosis / meiosis) in ______ cells

A

meiosis, spore mother cells

135
Q

Pteridophyte spores germinate to give rise to free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid ___________ (sporophyte/gametophyte) called ___________

A

gametophytes,

prothallus

136
Q

Why is the spread of pteridophytes limited to narrow geographical regions?

A

Because gametophytes require cool, damp and shady places to grow

137
Q

Gametophyte pteridophytes bear male and female sex organs called ___________ and ___________

A

antheridia, archegonia

138
Q

___________ is required for the transfer of pteridophyte antherozoids to the archegonium

A

Water

139
Q

Pteridophyte zygote produces a multicellular well-differentiated ___________ (gametophyte/sporophyte)

A

sporophyte

140
Q

In most pteridophytes, spores are of similar kinds. Such plants are called ___________

A

homosporous

141
Q

In some pteridophytes like ___________ and ___________ two kinds of spores are produces (macro and micro). Such plants are called ___________.

A

Selaginella, Salvinia, heterosporous

142
Q

In heterosporous plants, the megaspores and microspores germinate to give rise to ___________ and ___________ gametophytes respectively.

A

female, male

143
Q

The ___________ (male / female) gametophyte in pteridophytes are retained on the parent sporophyte for variable periods.

A

female

144
Q

Development of pteridophyte zygotes into young embryos take place within the ___________

A

female gametophyte

145
Q

Development of the zygote in pteridophyte female gametophytes is a precursor to the ___________ considered an important step in evolution

A

seed habit

146
Q

Pteridophytes are classified into 4 classes. What are they?

A
  1. Psilopsida
  2. Lycopsida
  3. Sphenopsida
  4. Pteropsida
147
Q 
Classify into the various classes of pteridophytes
Adiantum
Lycopodium
Equisetum
Psilotum
Selaginella
Pteris
Dyopteris
A 
Adiantum - Pteropsida
Lycopodium - Lycopsida
Equisetum - Sphenopsida
Psilotum - Psilopsida
Selaginella - Lycopsida
Pteris - Pteropsida
Dyopteris - Pteropsida
148
Q

Gymnosperms literally means:
gymnos _________
sperma _________

A

naked, seeds

149
Q

Gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are…

A

not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation

150
Q

Gymnosperms include ________-sized trees, ____ trees and _________

A

medium, tall, shrubs

151
Q

The giant redwood tree Sequoia is a _________ (angiosperm / gymnosperm) and is one of the tallest tree species.

A

gymnosperm

152
Q

Gymnosperm roots in some genera (e.g. _______) have fungal association in the form of _________

A

Pinus, mycorrhiza

153
Q

Gymnosperm roots are _________ (tap / fibrous / adventitious)

A

tap roots

154
Q

Gymnosperm roots in some genera (e.g. _______) have coralloid roots associated with _________

A

Cycas, N2-fixing cyanobacteria

155
Q

Gymnosperm stems are unbranched as in _______ or branched as in _______ and _______.

A

Cycas, Pinus, Cedrus

156
Q

Gymnosperm leaves are _______ (simple / compound / either).

A

Either

157
Q

In _______ genus of gymnosperms, the pinnate leaves persist for a few years.

A

Cycas

158
Q

The leaves in gymnosperms are not adapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind. T or F?

A

False, are well-adapted to…

159
Q

Conifers are gymnosperms with ______-like leaves to _______ (increase / reduce) the surface area

A

needle, reduce

160
Q

How do conifers reduce water loss?

A

Needle-like leaves
Thick cuticle
Sunken stomata

161
Q

Gymnosperms are _______ (homosporous / heterosporous). They produces _______

A

heterosporous

haploid microspores and megaspores

162
Q

The two kinds of spores in gymnosperms are produced within _______ that are borne on _______

A

sporangia, sporophylls

163
Q

Gymnosperm sporophylls are arranged spirally along an axis to form _______ or _______ or _______

A

lax, compact strobili, cones

164
Q

Strobili bearing microsporophylls and microsporangia are called _______

A

microsporangiate / male strobili

165
Q

In angiosperms, the microspores develop into a _______ (female/male) gametophytic generation which is highly reduced to only a limited number of cells and is aka _______

A

male, pollen grain

166
Q

The cones bearing megasporophylls with ovules or megasporangia are called _______

A

macrosporangiate or female strobili

167
Q

The male or female cones or strobili may be born on the same gymnosperm tree. T or F? Example?

A

True, Pinus

168
Q

In _______ (gymnosperm) male cones and megasporophylls are borne on different trees

A

Cycas

169
Q

The megaspore mother cell is differentiated from one of the cells of the _______

A

nucellus

170
Q

Gymnosperms: The nucellus is protected by envelopes and the composite structure is called a _______

A

ovule

171
Q

Ovules are borne on _______ which may be clustered to form the female cones.

A

megasporophylls

172
Q

The megaspore mother cell of gymnosperms divides _______ (mitotically / meiotically) to form _______ (how many?) megaspores

A

meiotically, four

173
Q

One of the gymnosperm megaspores develops into a multicellular female gametophyte that bears two or more _______

A

archegonia (female sex organs)

174
Q

Multicellular female gametophyte of gymnosperms is also retained within the megasporangium. T or F?

A

True

175
Q

Unlike _______ and _______, in gymnosperms the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence. They remain within the _______

A

bryophytes and pteridophytes,

sporangia retained on the sporophytes

176
Q

In angiosperms, the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called _______

A

flowers

177
Q

In angiosperms, seeds are enclosed in _______

A

fruits

178
Q

_______ are an exceptionally large group of plants occurring in a wide range of habitats.

(Gymnosperm, bryophytes, pteridophytes, angiosperms

A

Angiosperms

179
Q

Angiosperms range in size from the smallest ________ to tall trees of ________ (over 100 metres)

A

Wolffia,

Eucalyptus

180
Q

Angiosperms are divided into 2 classes: ________ and ________

A

Dicotyledons, monocotyledons

181
Q

Dicots vs monocot characteristics

A

Dicot - 2 cotyledons, reticulate venation and tetramerous/pentamerous flowers
Monocot - single cotelydon, parallel venation, trimerous flowers

182
Q

Male sex organ in flower is ________. It has a slender ________ and a ________ at the tip.

A

stamen, filament, anther

183
Q

Female sex organ in a flower is the ________, with a swollen ________ at its base, a long slender ________ and ________ ont he top

A

pistil, ovary, style, stigma

184
Q

Each ovule has a ________ that undergoes meiosis to form ________

A

megaspore mother cell, four haploid megaspores

185
Q

Three of the megaspores degenerate and one divides to form the ________

A

embryo sac

186
Q

Each embryo-sac has a three-celled ________ which consists of:

A

egg apparatus;

one egg cell,
two synergids,
three antipodal cells,
two polar nuclei

187
Q

Polar nuclei eventually fuse to produce ________

A

diploid secondary nucleus

188
Q

The ________ and ________ degenerate after fertilisation.

A

Synergids, antipodals

189
Q

In plants, both haploid and diploid cells can divide by mitosis. T or F?

A

True

190
Q

Haploid plant body produces gametes by ________ (mitosis / meiosis)

A

mitosis

191
Q

When a haploid gametophyte is fertilized, zygote divides by ________ (mitosis / meiosis) to produce ________

A

mitosis, diploid sporophytic plant body

192
Q

Haploid spores are produced by a diploid sporophytic plant body by ________ (mitosis / meiosis).

A

meiosis

193
Q

Haploid spores divide by ________ (mitosis / meiosis) to form a haploid plant body.

A

mitosis

194
Q

During the lifecycle of ANY sexually reproducing plant, there is an alternation of generations. T or F?

A

True

195
Q

In alternation of generation, gamete produces ________ and spore produces ________

A

haploid gametophyte, diploid sporophyte

196
Q

What are the 3 different patterns of life cycles of plants?

A
  1. Haplontic
  2. Diplontic
  3. Haplodiplontic
197
Q

In haplontic life cycle, sporophyte generation is represented by ___________

A

single-celled zygote

198
Q

There are no free-living sporophytes in haplontic plants. T or F?

A

True

199
Q

Meiosis in zygote => Haploid spores => Mitosis => Gametophyte.

What life cycle is this?

A

Haplontic

200
Q

Dominant, photosynthetic stage in haplontic plants is ___________ whereas in diplontic plants it is ___________

A

free-living haploid gametophyte,

diploid sporophyte

201
Q

Examples of haplontic life cycle?

A

Most Algae e.g. Volvox, Spirogyra and some species of Chlamydomonas

202
Q

Gametophytic phase is presented by single to few-celled haploid gametophyte and is not the dominant phase. This represents what kind of life cycle?

A

Diplontic

203
Q

Examples of diplontic life cycles?

A

An alga Fucus,

All seed bearing plants i.e. gymnosperms and angiosperms

204
Q

In haplo-diplontic life-cycle both phases are ___________ (unicellular / multicellular) but they differ in the ___________

A

multicellular, dominant

205
Q

___________ and ___________ exhibit haplo-diplontic life cycle

A

Bryophytes, pteridophytes

206
Q

Patterns of bryophytes vs pteridophytes

A

Bryophytes - dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid/erect phase by haploid gametophyte; short-lived diploid sporophyte totally or partially dependent on gametophyte for anchorage and nutrition

Pteridophytes - dominant, independent, photosynthetic, vascular phase by diploid sporophyte; short-lived
haploid gametophyte - saprophytic/autotrophic and independent

207
Q

Most algal genera are haplontic but some are haplo-diplontic. T or F?

Examples

A

True

Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, kelps - haplodiplontic
Fucus - diplontic

Biology (NCERT) - Class XI (23 decks)

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