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Biology (NCERT) - Class XI > XI Chap 1 Living World > Flashcards

XI Chap 1 Living World Flashcards

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1
Q

All living organisms grow. T or F?

A

True

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2
Q

_________ and _________ are the twin characteristics of growth

A

Increase in mass

Increase in number of individuals

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3
Q

_________ is known as the Darwin of the 20th century

A

Ernst Mayr

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4
Q

_________ single-handedly made the origin of species diversity the central question of evolutionary biology that it is today.

A

Ernst Mayr

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5
Q

Ernst Mayr was awarded the 3 prizes widely regarded as the triple crown of biology:

A

Balzan Prize,
International Prize for Biology
Crafoord Prize

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6
Q

A multicellular or unicellular organism grows by _________

A

cell division

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7
Q

In plants and animals, growth by cell division is indefinite and continues throughout their life span. T or F?

A

False, only true for plants, animals grow only up to a certain age

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8
Q

In majority of higher animals and plants, growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events. T or F?

A

True

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9
Q

Increase in body mass is not considered as growth. T or F?

A

False, it IS considered as growth

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10
Q

In living organisms, as compared to non-living organism, growth occurs from the _________

A

inside

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11
Q

_________ and _________ are defining features of living organisms

A

Cellular organisation of the body and consciousness

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12
Q

Fungi multiply and spread easily due to the millions of _________ (sexual or asexual) spores that they produce.

A

asexual

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13
Q

In lower organisms like yeast and hydra, we observe growth by _________

(options: fission, budding, gemmules)

A

budding

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14
Q

What is true regeneration? In what organism do we observe it?

A

fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes a new organism
e.g. Planaria (flat worms)

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15
Q

Fungi, the filamentous algae and protonema of mosses all easily multiply by fragmentation. T or F?

A

True

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16
Q

When it comes to unicellular organisms like bacteria, unicellular algae or Amoeba, reproduction is synonymous with growth i.e. increase in _________

A

number of cells

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17
Q

Three examples of organisms that do not reproduce

A

Mules,
sterile worker bees,
infertile human couples

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18
Q

All living organisms are made of chemicals. T or F?

A

True

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19
Q

All plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit metabolism. T or F?

A

True

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20
Q

Define metabolism

A

Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in our body

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21
Q

Human being is the only organism that has self-consciousness. T or F?

A

True

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22
Q

Properties of tissues are not present in the constituent cells but arise as a result of _________

A

interactions among the constituent cells

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23
Q

How many species are known and described?

A

1.7-1.8 million

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24
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Number and types of organisms present on earth

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25
Q

For plants, scientific names are provided in the __________, and for animals in __________

A

International Code FOR Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

International Code OF Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

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26
Q

For plants, scientific names are provided in the __________, and for animals in __________

A

International Code FOR Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

International Code OF Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

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27
Q

Each scientific name has 2 components. They are?

This naming system is called __________

A

Generic name
Specific epithet
Binomial Nomenclature

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28
Q

Binomial nomenclature system is given by __________

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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29
Q

Universal rules of nomenclature?

A
  1. Biological names in Latin, italics
  2. First word is genus, second is specific epithet
  3. First word starts with capitalized letter, second is all small letters
  4. Both words are printed in italics OR handwritten with separate underlines
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30
Q

Name of author appears after the __________

Complete the following as an example: Mangifera indica

A

specific epithet

Mangifera indica Linn

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31
Q

__________ is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characters

A

Classification

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32
Q

The scientific term for categories / unit of classification is __________

A

taxa

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33
Q

The process of classification of all living organisms into different taxa is called __________

A

taxonomy

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34
Q

__________, __________, __________ and __________ are processes basic to taxonomy

A

Characterisation,
Identification,
Classification
Nomenclature

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35
Q

The earliest classifications were based on the __________ of various organisms

A

uses

36
Q

What is systematics?

A

Branch of study of different kinds of organisms, their diversities and the relationships between them

37
Q

The title of Linnaeus’ publication was __________

A

System Naturae

38
Q

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word __________ which means?

A

systema, systematic arrangement of organisms

39
Q

Systematics was later enlarged to include __________, __________, and __________

A

identification, nomenclature, classification

40
Q

Systematics does not take into account evolutionary relationships between organisms. T or F?

A

False, it does

41
Q

With the defined principles and standards, classification has become a single step process. T or F?

A

False, classification is not a single step process

42
Q

Taxonomic groups/categories are distinct biological entities and not merely morphological aggregates. T or F?

A

True

43
Q

All organisms have __________ as the lowest category.

A

Species

44
Q

Define species

A

A group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities

45
Q

Define genus

A

A group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera

OR

aggregates of closely related species

46
Q

Define family

A

A group of related genera with less number of similarities as compared to genus and species

47
Q

Among plant species, families are characterised on the basis of both ___________ and ___________ features

A

vegetative, reproductive

48
Q

Generally, ___________ and other higher taxonomic categories are identified based on aggregates of characters

A

order

49
Q 
Specify whether these are family, genera or species:
Panthera
Solanum
Tigris
Melongena
Felidae
Petunia
Felis
Solanaceae
Nigrum
Tuberosum
Pardus
Datura
A 
Panthera - genus
Solanum - genus
tigris - species (tiger)
melongena - species (eggplant)
Felidae - family
Petunia - genus
Felis - genus
Solanaceae - family 
nigrum - species (black nightshade)
tuberosum - species (potato)
pardus - species (leopard)
Datura - genus
50
Q

Plant families like Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included in the order __________ based on the __________ characters

A

Polymoniales, floral

51
Q

Animal order __________ includes families like Felidae and Canidae

A

Carnivora

52
Q

Match the following to the correct order:

human
gorilla
monkey
cat
gibbon
housefly
dog
tiger

[Insecta - Mammalia - Primata - Carnivora]

A 
human - Mammalia
gorilla - Primata
monkey - Primata
cat - Carnivora
gibbon - Primata
housefly - Insecta
dog - Carnivora
tiger - Carnivora
53
Q

In case of plants, classes with a few similar characters are assigned to a higher category called __________

A

Division

54
Q

As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on __________ (increasing / decreasing)

A

decreasing

55
Q

Lower the taxa, __________ (more / less) are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.

A

more

56
Q

Higher the category, __________ (greater / lesser) is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.

A

greater

57
Q

Write out the complete taxonomical hierarchy of Wheat

A

aestivum > Triticum > Poaceae > Poales > Monocotyledonae > Angiospermae > Plantae

58
Q

Write out the complete taxonomical hierarchy of Mango

A

indica > Mangifera > Anacardiaceae > Sapindales > Dicotyledonae > Angiospermae > Plantae

59
Q

Write out the complete taxonomical hierarchy of Humans

A

sapiens > Homo > Hominidae > Primata > Mammalia > Chordata > Animalia

60
Q

Write out the complete taxonomical hierarchy of Housefly

A

domestica > Musca > Muscidae > Diptera > Insecta > Anthropoda > Animalia

61
Q

Taxonomic studies require correct _____________ and _____________ of organisms

A

classification, identification

62
Q

Identification of organisms requires intensive _____________ and _____________ studies

A

laboratory, field

63
Q

Collection of _____________ is the prime source of taxonomic studies.

A

actual specimens

64
Q

What is a herbarium?

A

Store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on sheets

65
Q

Sheets in a herbarium are arranged according to __________

A

a universally accepted system of classification

66
Q

Herbarium sheets have what information?

A

date and place of collection,
English, local and botanical names,
family,
collector’s name

67
Q

__________ serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies

A

Herbariums

68
Q

What are botanical gardens?

A

Collections of living plants for references, grown for identification purposes

69
Q

Each plant in a botanical garden is labelled with __________ and __________

A

botanical/scientific name, family

70
Q

Three famous botanical gardens?

A

Kew (England)
Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah (India)
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (India)

71
Q

Biological museums are generally set up in __________

A

educational institutions

72
Q

Museums have plant and animal specimens in dry as well as preservative solutions. T or F?

A

True

73
Q

Insects are preserved in insect boxes by __________, __________ and __________

A

collecting, killing, pinning

74
Q

Larger animals like birds and mammals are preserved by __________ or __________

A

stuffing, skeletons

75
Q

Zoological parks have __________ animals kept in protected environments under human care.

A

wild

76
Q

What is a key?

A

taxonomical aid, contrasting characters in a pair called couplet

77
Q

Keys represent choice made between 2 opposite options which results in __________ of one and __________ and other

A

acceptance, rejection

78
Q

Each statement in the key is called __________

A

a lead

79
Q

Separate taxonomic keys are required for each __________

A

taxonomic categories

80
Q

Keys are __________ in nature

A

analytical

81
Q

__________ contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area

A

Flora

82
Q

__________ are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area

A

Manuals

83
Q

__________ contain information on any one taxon

A

Monographs

84
Q

Special techniques for collection and preservation of specimens are required in __________ and __________

A

herbaria, museums

85
Q

Live specimens of plants/animals are found in __________ and __________

A

zoological parks, botanical gardens

86
Q

__________ are tools that help in identification based on characteristics

A

Taxonomic keys

Biology (NCERT) - Class XI (23 decks)

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