Mistake Deck Flashcards
Root pressure develops due to:
a. passive absorption
b. active absorption
c. increase in transpiration
d. low osmotic potential in soil
b. active absorption
In soil, water available for plants is:
a. gravitational water
b. chemically bound water
c. capillary water
d. hygroscopic water
c. capillary water
Equation for DPD is:
DPD = OP - TP
Water movement between cells is due to:
a. Turgor pressure
b. Water potential
c. Diffusion pressure deficit
d. incipient plasmolysis
c. Diffusion pressure deficit
Stomatal opening is not affected by:
a. temperature
b. light
c. O2 concentration
d. CO2 concentration
c. O2 concentration
A column of water within xylem vessels of tall trees doesn’t break under its weight because of:
a. lignification of xylem vessels
b. positive root pressure
c. dissolved sugars in water
d. tensile strength of water
d. tensile strength of water
Which one gives the most valid and recent explanation for stomatal movement?
a. starch hydrolysis
b. guard cell photosynthesis
c. transpiration
d. potassium influx and efflux
d. potassium influx and efflux
In land plants, the guard cells differ from other epidermal cells in having:
a. cytoskeleton
b. mitochondria
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. chloroplasts
d. chloroplasts
Stomata of plant open due to:
a. influx of potassium ions
b. efflux of potassium ions
c. influx of hydrogen ions
d. influx of calcium ions
a. influx of potassium ions
Glycolate induces opening of stomata in
a. presence of oxygen
b. low CO2 concentration
c. high CO2
d. CO2 is absent
b. low CO2 concentration
In guard cells, when sugar is converted into starch, the stomatal pore:
a. closes completely
b. opens partially
c. opens fully
d. remains unchanged
a. closes completely
Conversion of starch to organic acids is required for:
a. stomatal opening
b. stomatal closing
c. stomatal formation
d. stomatal activity
a. stomatal opening
In terrestrial habitats, temperature and rainfall conditions are influenced by:
a. water transformations
b. transpiration
c. thermoperiodism
d. translocation
b. transpiration
_______________ instrument is used to determine the rate of transpiration in plants
Potometer
Most widely accepted theory for ascent of sap in trees is:
a. capillarity
b. role of atmospheric pressure
c. pulsating action of living cell
d. transpiration pull and cohesion theory of Dixon and Jolly
d. transpiration pull and cohesion theory of Dixon and Jolly
Phenyl mercuric acetate results in:
a. reduced photosynthesis
b. reduced transpiration
c. reduced respiration
d. killing plants
b. reduced transpiration
Transpiration is least in:
a. good soil moisture
b. high wind velocity
c. dry environment
d. high atmospheric humidity
d. high atmospheric humidity
When water enters in roots due to diffusion, is termed as:
a. osmosis
b. passive absorption
c. endocytosis
d. active absorption
b. passive absorption
A few drops of sap were collected by cutting across a plant stem. The sap was tested chemically. Which of the following test results indicates that it is phloem sap?
a. acidic
b. alkaline
c. low refractive index
d. absence of sugar
b. alkaline
Translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube members is supported by:
a. cytoplasmic streaming
b. root pressure and transpiration pull
c. P-proteins
d. mass flow involving a carrier and ATP
a. cytoplasmic streaming
Death of protoplasm is pre-requisite for a vital function like:
a. transport of sap
b. transport of food
c. absorption of water
d. gaseous exchange
a. transport of sap
Which is essential for the growth of root tip?
Zn, Ca, Fe, Mn
Ca
A few normal seedlings of tomato were kept in a dark room. After a few days, they were found to have become white-coloured like albinos. Which of the following terms will you use to describe them?
Mutated - Embolised - Etiolated - Defoliated
Etiolated
Sulphur is an important nutrient for optimum growth and productivity in ____________ crops
oilseed
Gray spots of oat are caused by deficiency of:
Cu - Zn - Mn - Fe
Mn
Boron in green plants assists in:
a) activation of enzymes
b) acting as enzyme co-factor
c) photosynthesis
d) sugar transport
d) sugar transport
When plants are grown in magnesium deficient but urea rich soil, the symptoms expressed are:
a) yellowish leaves
b) colourless petiole
c) dark green leaves
d) shoot apex die
a) yellowish leaves
Which one of the following elements is almost non-essential for plants?
Zn - Na - Ca - Mo
Na
Which one is an essential mineral, not constituent of any enzyme but stimulates the activity of many enzymes?
Zn - Mn - K - Mg
K
Passive absorption of minerals depends on:
a) temperature
b) temperature and metabolic inhibitor
c) metabolic inhibitor
d) humidity
a) temperature
The product(s) of reaction catalysed by nitrogenase in root nodules of leguminous plants is/are:
a) ammonia alone
b) nitrate alone
c) ammonia and oxygen
d) ammonia and hydrogen
d) ammonia and hydrogen
Nitrifying bacteria
a) oxidise ammonia to nitrates
b) convert free nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
c) convert proteins into ammonia
d) reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
a) oxidise ammonia to nitrates
If by radiation all nitrogenase enzymes are inactivated, then there will be no:
a) fixation of nitrogen in legumes
b) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
c) conversion from nitrate to nitrite in legumes
d) conversion from ammonium to nitrate in soil
a) fixation of nitrogen in legumes
What is true for cyanobacteria?
a) oxygenic with nitrogenase
b) oxygenic without nitrogenase
c) non oxygenic with nitrogenase
d) non oxygenic without nitrogenase
a) oxygenic with nitrogenase
Enzyme first used for nitrogen fixation:
a) nitrogenase
b) nitroreductase
c) transferase
d. transaminase
a) nitrogenase
Which of the following is free-living aerobic non-photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
a) Nostoc
b) Azospirillum
c) Rhizobium
d) Azotobacter
d) Azotobacter
A non-photosynthetic aerobic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium is:
a) Rhizobium
b) Clostridium
c) Azotobacter
d) Klebsiella
c) Azotobacter
What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
a. It functions as an enzyme
b. It functions as an electron carrier
c. It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis
d. It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration
b. It functions as an electron carrier
c. It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis
In which of the following processes CO2 is not released?
a. Aerobic respiration in plants
b. Aerobic respiration in animals
c. Alcoholic fermentation
d. Lactate fermentation
d. Lactate fermentation
The energy-releasing metabolic process in which substrate is oxidised without an external electron acceptor is called:
a. glycolysis
b. fermentation
c. aerobic respiration
d. photorespiration
b. fermentation
In alcohol fermentation:
a. triose phosphate is the electron donor while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor
b. triose phosphate is the electron donor while pyruvic acid is the electron acceptor
c. there is no electron donor
d. oxygen is the electron acceptor
a. triose phosphate is the electron donor while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor
The correct sequence of electron acceptor in ATP synthesis is:
a. Cyt. b, c, a3, a
b. Cyt. c, b, a, a3
c. Cyt. a, a, b, c
d. Cyt. b, c, a, a3
d. Cyt. b, c, a, a3
Terminal cytochrome of respiratory chain which donates electrons to oxygen is:
a. Cyt b
b. Cyt c
c. Cyt a1
d. Cyt a3
d. Cyt a3
Net gain of ATP molecules during aerobic respiration is:
a) 40 molecules
b) 48 molecules
c) 36 molecules
d) 38 molecules
c) 36 molecules
When one molecule of ATP is disintegrated, what amount of energy is liberated?
7 kcal
Out of 38 ATP molecules produced per glucose, 32 ATP molecules are formed from NADH/FADH2 in
a) respiratory chain
b) Kreb’s cycle
c) oxidative decarbolyxation
d) EMP
respiratory chain
Out of 36 ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during respiration:
a. 2 are produced outside glycolysis and 34 during respiratory chain
b. 2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria
c. 2 during glycolysis and 34 during Krebs’ cycle
d. all are formed inside mitochondria
b. 2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria
EMP can produce a total of:
a) 6 ATP
b) 8 ATP
c) 24 ATP
d) 38 ATP
b) 8 ATP
Plants, but not animals, can convert fatty acids to sugars by a series of reactions called:
a) photosynthesis
b) Kreb’s cycle
c) glycolysis
d) glyoxylate cycle
d) glyoxylate cycle
Apparatus to measure rate of respiration and R. Q. is:
a) auxanometer
b) potometer
c) respirometer
d) manometer
c) respirometer
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of:
a) Rhodospirillum
b) Spirogyra
c) Clamydomonas
d) Ulva
a) Rhodospirillum
Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in:
a) Oscillatoria
b) Rhodospirillum
c) Chlorobium
d) Chromatium
a) Oscillatoria
Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plant contains:
a) light-dependent reaction enzymes
b) ribosomes
c) chlorophyll
d) light-independent reaction enzymes
d) light-independent reaction enzymes
Emerson’s enhancement effect and Red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of:
a) photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport
b) oxidative phosphorylation
c) photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport
d) two photosystems operating simultaneously
d) two photosystems operating simultaneously
Chromatophores take part in:
a) movement
b) respiration
c) photosynthesis
d) growth
c) photosynthesis
Which fractions of the visible spectrum of solar radiations are primarily absorbed by carotenoids of higher plants?
a) B & G
b) G & R
c) R & V
d) V & B
d) V & B
Chlorophyll a molecule at its carbon atom 3 of the pyrrole ring II has one of the following:
a) carboxylic group
b) magnesium
c) aldehyde group
d) methyl group
d) methyl group
Chlorophyll a occurs in:
a) all photosynthetic autotrophs
b) in all higher plants
c) all oxygen liberating autotrophs
d) all plants except fungi
c) all oxygen liberating autotrophs
The size of chlorophyll molecule is:
head ____ x ____ Å
tail ____ Å
head: 15 x 15 Å
tail: 20 Å
Ferredoxin is a constituent of:
a) PS I
b) PS II
c) Hill reaction
d) P680
a) PS I
Stamens in flowers of Gloriosa and Petunia are polyandrous. T or F?
True
Polyandrous = having large and indefinite number of stamens
In dicot stems, a new cambium originates from cells of pericycle at the time of secondary growth. T or F?
False
Symbiotic nitrogen fixers occur in free-living state also in soil. T or F?
True
Both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involve uphill transport of protons across the membrane. T or F?
False
In photosystem I, the first electron acceptor is:
a) an iron-sulphur protein
b) ferredoxin
c) cytochrome
d) plastocyanin
a) an iron-sulphur protein
Which pigment system is inactivated in red drop?
PS II
A photosynthesising plant is releasing 18O more than the normal. The plant must have been supplied with
a) O3
b) H2O with 18O
c) CO2 with 18O
d) C6H12O6 with 18O
b) H2O with 18O
Which of the following organisms is correctly matched with its 3 characteristics?
a) Pea: C3 pathway, endospermic seed, vexillary aestivation
b) Tomato: twisted aestivation, axile placentation, berry
c) Onion: bulb, imbricate aestivation, axile placentation
d) Maize: C3 pathway, closed vascular bundles, scutellum
c) Onion: bulb, imbricate aestivation, axile placentation
What will be the number of Calvin cycles to generate one molecule of hexose?
6
CAM helps the plants in:
a) conserving water
b) secondary growth
c) disease resistance
d) reproduction
a) conserving water
The C4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient than C3 plants because
a) the CO2 efflux is not prevented
b) they have more chloroplasts
c) the CO2 compensation point is more
d) CO2 generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase
b) they have more chloroplasts
As compared to a C3 plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by C4 plants?
a) Two
b) Six
c) Twelve
d) Zero
c) Twelve
Photosynthesis in C4 plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO2 levels because
a) effective pumping of CO2 into bundle sheath cells
b) RuBisCO in C4 plants has higher affinity for CO2
c) four carbon acids are the primary initial CO2 fixation products
d) the primary fixation of CO2 is mediated via PEP carboxylase
d) the primary fixation of CO2 is mediated via PEP carboxylase
Stomata of CAM plants
a) are always open
b) open during the day and close at night
c) open during the night and close during the day
d) never open
c) open during the night and close during the day
The oxygenation activity of RuBisCO enzyme in photorespiration leads to the formation of ___ molecule of ___-C compound
1 molecule, 3-C compound
The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is:
a) chloroplast, Golgi-bodies, mitochondria
b) chloroplast, rough ER, dictyosomes
c) chloroplast, mitochondria, peroxisome
d) chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome
c) chloroplast, mitochondria, peroxisome
During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction(s) occur in
a) stroma of chloroplasts
b) stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria
c) stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
d) grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
c) stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
The substrate for photorespiration is
a) phosphoglyceric acid
b) glycolate
c) serine
d) glycine
b) glycolate
At a temperature above 35°C
a) rate of photosynthesis will decline earlier than that of respiration
b) rate of respiration will decline earlier than that of photosynthesis
c) there is no fixed pattern
d) both decline simultaneously
a) rate of photosynthesis will decline earlier than that of respiration
Senescence as an active developmental cellular process in the growth and functioning of a flowering plant, is indicated in
a) annual plants
b) floral parts
c) vessels and tracheid differentiation
d) leaf abscission
c) vessels and tracheid differentiation
The plant hormone used to destroy weeds in a field is:
a) IBA
b) IAA
c) NAA
d) 2,4-D
d) 2,4-D
The Avena curvature is used for bioassay of:
a) IAA
b) ethylene
c) ABA
d) GA3
a) IAA
Auxin can be bioassayed by
a) potometer
b) lettuce hypocotyl elongation
c) Avena coleoptile curvature
d) hydroponics
c) Avena coleoptile curvature
During seed germination, its stored food is mobilized by:
a) ABA
b) gibberellin
c) ethylene
d) cytokinin
b) gibberellin
The pineapple which under natural condition is difficult to blossom has been made to produce fruits throughout the year by the application of:
a) NAA, 2,4-D
b) Phenyl acetic acid
c) Cytokinin
d) IAA, IBA
a) NAA, 2,4-D
One of the commonly used plant growth hormone in tea plantations is:
a) ethylene
b) abscisic acid
c) zeatin
d) indole-3-acetic acid
d) indole-3-acetic acid
Root development is promoted by:
a) abscisic acid
b) auxin
c) gibberellin
d) ethylene
d) ethylene
Which one of the following is a derivative of carotenoids?
a) Indole-3-acetic acid
b) Giberellic acid
c) Abscisic acid
d) Indole butyric acid
c) Abscisic acid
Coconut milk factor is
a) an auxin
b) a gibberellin
c) abscisic acid
d) cytokinin
d) cytokinin
Plants deficient of element zinc, show its effect on the biosynthesis of plant growth hormone: ___________
auxin
Differentiation of shoot is controlled by high __________ : __________ ratio
high cytokinin : auxin ratio
Which of the following prevents the fall of fruits?
a) GA3
b) NAA
c) Ethylene
d) Zeatin
b) NAA
Which hormone breaks dormancy of potato tuber?
a) Gibberellin
b) IAA
c) ABA
d) Zeatin
Gibberellin
A plant hormone for inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture is: _______________
cytokinins
Which combination of gases is suitable for fruit ripening?
a) 80% CH4 and 20% CO2
b) 80% CO2 and 20% O2
c) 80% C2H4 and 20% CO2
d) 80% CO2 and 20% CH2
c) 80% C2H4 and 20% CO2
Which one among the following chemicals is used for causing defoliation of forest trees?
a) Malic hydrazide
b) 2,4-D
c) Amo-1618
d) Phosphon D
b) 2,4-D
Gibberelic acid induces flowering in ____-day plants under _____-day conditions
long, short
The movement of auxin is largely ____________
basipetal
The regulator which retards ageing/senescence of plant parts is:
cytokinin
Klinostat is employed in the study of:
a) osmosis
b) growth movements
c) photosynthesis
d) respiration
b) growth movements
Cytokinins
a) promote abscission
b) influence water movement
c) help retain chlorophyll
d) inhibit protoplasmic streaming
c) help retain chlorophyll
Mowing grass lawn facilitates better maintenance because
a) wounding stimulates regeneration
b) removal of apical dominance and stimulation of intercalary meristem
c) removal of apical dominance
d) removal of apical dominance and promotion of lateral meristem
b) removal of apical dominance and stimulation of intercalary meristem
Gibberellins promote:
a) seed germination
b) seed dormancy
c) leaf fall
d) root elongation
a) seed germination
The site of perception of light in plants during photoperiodism is:
a) leaf
b) shoot apex
c) stem
d) axillary bud
leaf
Photoperiodism was first characterised in:
a) tobacco
b) potato
c) tomato
d) cotton
a) tobacco
Which one of the following hormones can replace vernalisation?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellins
d) Ethylene
c) Gibberellins
An enzyme that can stimulate germination of barley seeds is: ___________
α-amylase
A baby boy aged 2 years - which teeth are absent?
Pre-molars
Which cells of Crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete antibacterial lysozyme?
Paneth cells
Which hormones do stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
Cholecystokinin and secretin
For its activity, carboxypeeptidase requires:
a) zinc
b) iron
c) niacin
d) copper
zinc
One of the constituents of the pancreatic juice which is poured into the duodenum in humans is:
a) trypsinogen
b) chymotrypsin
c) trypsin
d) enterokinase
a) trypsinogen
Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones. They are secreted in ______________
duodenum
Duodenum has characteristic Brunner’s gland which secrete two hormones called:
secretin and cholecystokinin
Which part of the body secretes the hormone secretin?
Duodenum
The layer of cells that secrete enamel of tooth is:
ameloblast
A polysaccharide which is synthesized and stored in liver cells is:
a) arabinose
b) glycogen
c) lactose
d) galactose
b) glycogen
Kupffer’s cells occur in:
a) spleen b) kidney c) brain d) liver
d) liver
Pancreas produces _________ digestive enzyme(s) and _______ hormone(s). How many?
3, 2
Pancreatic juice and hormones of pancreas are produced by ________ (same / different) cells
different
Secretin stimulates production of ___________
pancreatic juice
Which of the following gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis?
a) chief cells
b) mucous cells
c) goblet cells
d) parietal cells
d) parietal cells
In the stomach, gastric acid is secreted by the __________ cells
parietal cells
Gastric juice of infants contains:
a) pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
b) amylase, rennin, pepsinogen
c) maltase, pepsinogen, rennin
d) nuclease, pepsinogen, lipase
a) pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by:
a) lipase
b) trypsin
c) rennin
d) pepsin
d) pepsin
If for some reason the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially non-functional, what is likely to happen?
a) the pancreatic enzymes and specially the trypsin and lipase will not work efficiently
b) the pH of stomach will fall abruptly
c) steapsin will be more effective
d) proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
d) proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin into proteoses and peptones
In the absence of HCl secretion, inactive ___________ in the gastric glands is not converted into __________
pepsinogen,
active enzyme pepsin
Hydrolytic enzymes which act on low pH are called as:
a) proteases
b) alpha-amylases
c) hydrolases
d) peroxidases
a) proteases
