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Fundamentals of Zoology > Worksheet 1-3 > Flashcards

Worksheet 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

important laboratory equipment in the study of living things

A

microscope

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2
Q

Four important attributes of the microscope

A

magnification
resolution
contrast
microscopic measurements

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3
Q

HPF equation

A

LPO magnification/HPO magnification *100

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4
Q

used to calibrate the ocular micrometer of the microscope

A

stage micrometer

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5
Q

1 ocular micrometer space equation

A

number of microns measured on the stage micrometer/number of ocular micrometer spaces

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6
Q

measured by its ability to differentiate two points in an object

A

resolving power

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7
Q

is a lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length is changed

A

parfocal

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8
Q

microscope’s ability to enlarge an image of an object

A

magnification

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9
Q

refers to the darkness of the background relative to the specimen

A

contrast

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10
Q

is used to magnify an image of an object

A

lens

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11
Q

microscope can be classified as

A

mechanical/supporting
magnifying
illuminating

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12
Q

classification of the microscope used to support and adjust the parts

A

mechanical/supporting

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13
Q

classification of the microscope used to enlarge the specimen

A

magnifying

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14
Q

classification of the microscope that is not only used to provide light but for the observer to be able to see a clear image of the object being magnified

A

illuminating

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15
Q

micro means

A

small

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16
Q

skopos means

A

to look at

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17
Q

smallest the naked eye can see

A

100 micrometers/0.1mm

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18
Q

most human cell size

A

10 to 15 micrometers

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19
Q

ability to enlarge an image

A

magnification

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20
Q

magnification equation

A

image size / actual size

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21
Q

image size equation

A

magnificaton * actual size

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22
Q

ability to distinguish two close objects as distinct, shortest distance between two points

A

resolving power

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23
Q

resolving power equation

A

0.61(0.55)/numerical aperture

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24
Q

maximum resolution of a light microscope

A

200nm

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25
Q

maximum resolution of an electron microscope

A

0.5nm

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26
Q

typically 10x, but also come in 5x, 15x, and 20x varieties

A

eyepiece

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27
Q

also known as ocular lenses

A

eyepiece

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28
Q

is adjustable so that you can keep both eyes open when looking into the microscope

A

interocular distance

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29
Q

also called a revolving nose-piece or turret, this structure holds the objective lenses. Rotating them allows the objective lens to be switched.

A

nosepiece

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30
Q

lens closes to the object being viewed.

A

objective lenses

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31
Q

scanning lens magnifying power

A

4x

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32
Q

low power lens magnifying power

A

10x

33
Q

high power lens magnifying power

A

40x

34
Q

OIO lens magnifying power

A

100x

35
Q

this area is the main, flat plate that holds the slides for observation

A

stage

36
Q

most useful at higher powers , typically a five-hole disc housed under the stage to adjust the amount of light passing through the stage opening.

A

diaphragm

37
Q

the bottom support structure of the microscope.

A

base

38
Q

refers to the main section of the microscope minus the stand (base) or any illuminators.

A

body

39
Q

the area of the microscope between the tube and the base

A

arm

40
Q

controls the power to the microscope

A

on/off switch

41
Q

the larger of two adjustment knobs that moves the object lenses closer or farther away from the specimen in large steps

A

coarse focus adjusment knob

42
Q

the smaller of two adjustment knobs moves the object lenses closer or farther away from the specimen in very small steps.

A

fine focus adjustment knob

43
Q

the mechanical stage allows for adjustment of the slide position forward, backward, and left to right

A

stage adjustment knob

44
Q

rank the objectives of compound microscope using the details of the specimen (least to most detailed)

A

Scanner – least detailed
➢ LPO – less detailed
➢ HPO – more detailed
➢ OIO – most detailed

45
Q

rank the objectives of area of the field of view (smallest to biggest)

A

scanner – biggest field of view
➢ LPO – bigger field of view
➢ HPO – smaller field of view
➢ OIO – smallest field of view

46
Q

rank the objectives of Working distance (mm)

A

Scanner – 17-20mm
➢ LPO – 4-8mm
➢ HPO – 0.5-0.7mm
➢ OIO – 0.1mm

47
Q

rank the objectives from dimmest to brightest

A

scanner - brightest
LPO - brighter
HPO - dimmer
OIO - dimmest

48
Q

value of one ocular micrometer space for each objective (scanner)

A

125um

49
Q

value of one ocular micrometer space for each objective (LPO)

A

50um

50
Q

value of one ocular micrometer space for each objective (HPO)

A

12.5um

51
Q

value of one ocular micrometer space for each objective (OIO)

A

5um

52
Q

Three important concepts about the cell:

A

The cell is considered an extraordinary complex unit containing numerous organelles that are themselves relatively complex

Not all organelles occur together in any one real cell

The various cells of the body of any plant or animal are of ten strikingly different from one another in shape, size, function

53
Q

red blood cell size

A

5-8um

54
Q

red blood cell shape

A

biconcave disk

55
Q

organelles visible in red blood cell

A

no organelles

56
Q

white blood cell size

A

5-15um

57
Q

white blood cell shape

A

round shape

58
Q

white blood cells organelles visible

A

nucleus

59
Q

cheek epithelial cells size

A

50um

60
Q

cell shape of cheek epithelial cells

A

flat, irregular

61
Q

separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment

A

cell membrane

62
Q

site for lipid, carbohydrates, and steroid hormones synthesis

A

SER

63
Q

factories of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), where cellular respiration occurs

A

Mitochondria

64
Q

houses the cell’s DNA, directs protein and ribosome synthesis

A

Nucleus

65
Q

responsible for protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

66
Q

organizes microtubules

A

centrioles

67
Q

encloses the cell’s nucleus, separate the chromosomes from the cytoplasm

A

nuclear membrane

68
Q

coiled and condensed to form chromosomes

A

chromatin

69
Q

function in storage and transport of materials

A

vacuoles

70
Q

aggregates RRNA with associated proteins to assemble ribosomal subunits

A

nucleolus

71
Q

associated with protein synthesis, involved in the folding, quality control, and dispatch of some proteins

A

RER

72
Q

sorting, tagging, packaging, and distributing lipids and proteins

A

golgi apparatus

73
Q

where metabolic processes such as protein synthesis can occur

A

cytoplasm

74
Q

responsible for cleaning and degrading material from outside the cell to be used

A

lysosome

75
Q

is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane based on the concentration gradient of water across the membrane

A

osmosis

76
Q

causes the RBCs to swell and expand because of the low solute content outside the cell

A

hypotonic solution

77
Q

causes the RBCs to shrivel because of the high solute content outside the cell

A

hypertonic solution

78
Q

causes the RBC to remain unchanged due

A

isotonic solution

Fundamentals of Zoology (23 decks)

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