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Fundamentals of Zoology > Cell Respiration > Flashcards

Cell Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

exchange of gases in the environment

A

respiration

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2
Q

describe the route of transport of oxygen from the outside to the inside of your body

A

lungs > blood stream > tissues > cells > mitochondria

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3
Q

reaction in which energy is absorbed

A

endergonic

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4
Q

modified nucleotide

A

adenosine triphosphate

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5
Q

How many times can an ATP molecule release energyt

A

twice

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6
Q

3 major steps in cellular respiration

A

glycolysis
krebs cycle
electron transport chain

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7
Q

glucose is broken down

A

glycolysis

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8
Q

takes place in the cytoplasm

A

anaerobic respiration

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9
Q

6-c glucose is converted to what

A

2 molecules of pyruvates (3-C)

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10
Q

oxygen is not yet needed

A

anaerobic

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11
Q

the cell has to utilize ATP to start the process

A

energy investment phase

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12
Q

production of 4 ATPs

A

energy payoff phase

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13
Q

net yield of glycolysis

A

2 ATPs

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14
Q

concentrate the energy into the bonds of ATP

A

reactions in catabolic pathways

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15
Q

convenient energy carrier

A

ATP

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16
Q

generally has “high-energy” and unstable bonds

A

ATP

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17
Q

similar to a highly flammable liquid such as kerosene, which is easier to ignite and provides heat more quickly and convenient

A

ATP

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18
Q

unstable bond part of ATP that provide the cell with readily available energy for anabolic (synthetic) reactions

A

“high-energy” molecule

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19
Q

Two general aspects of energy production:

A

oxidation-reduction mechanisms
ATP generation mechanisms

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20
Q

ATP generation mechanisms include

A

Oxidative or electron transport level phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation
photophosphorylation

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21
Q

ATP is composed of what

A

nucleoside (adenosine, ribose)
3 phosphate

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22
Q

in this, energy in organic molecules is extracted when they transfer 2 hydrogen atoms

A

oxidation

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23
Q

hydrogen composed of 2 electrons and protons

A

2 hydrogen atoms

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24
Q

composed of 2 electrons and protons

A

coenzyme NAD

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25
Q

Coenzyme NAD+ - receives 1 electron (-) hence, it is reduced and cancels its + charge; and one hydrogen atom making it

A

NADH

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26
Q

a more energy-rich molecule

A

NADH

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27
Q

the remaining of this is released to the environment

A

Hydrogen ion

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28
Q

Every NAD+ that is reduced to NADH, what happens to the extra H+

A

an extra H+ is released in the process

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29
Q

used by cells in catabolism to extract energy in the form of electrons from nutrient molecules

A

redox reactions

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30
Q

take nutrients as energy sources and degrade them from highly reduced compounds to fully oxidized compounds

A

cells

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31
Q

converted to pyruvic acid after a series of steps in glycolysis

A

glucose

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32
Q

said to have been oxidized along with the reduction of NAD+ electron carriers, among others

A

glucose

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33
Q

where the reduced electron carriers will proceed to convert energy from the electrons to ATP

A

Electron transport level phosphorylation

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34
Q

generated in several ways in the cells during respiration, and also during photosynthesis

A

ATP

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35
Q

also known as oxidative phosphorylation owing to the oxidation-reduction that follows along the electron transport chain

A

ETLP

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36
Q

in ETLP, this is generated when the electrons from the carriers (e.g. NADH) are carried forward and tossed to the ETC simultaneous with the transport of H+ to the other side of the membrane

A

ATP

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37
Q

NAD

A

(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

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38
Q

FAD

A

(flavin adenine dinucleotide)

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39
Q

represent the oxidized form of electron carriers

A

NAD and FAD

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40
Q

NAD and FAD accept a pair of electrons and hydrogen atoms and get converted to their reduced forms

A

NADH and FADH2

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41
Q

was built after the movement of H+ ions into the other side of the membrane

A

concentration gradient

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42
Q

as this receives and passes on electrons, they too become reduced and oxidized in the process

A

ETC

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43
Q

last to receive the de-energized electrons (hence, aerobic respiration)

A

oxygen

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44
Q

formed when the de-energized electrons couples with the oxygen

A

water

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45
Q

allows the passive movement of H+ concentration gradient, the energy of the flow is then used to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate

A

ATP synthase

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46
Q

SLP

A

Substrate Level Phosphorylation

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47
Q

in this mechanism, ATP is usually generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP

A

SLP

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48
Q

this must have gotten its phosphate from an earlier reaction where a substrate must have been oxidized in its favor

A

phosphorylated compound

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49
Q

this happens in cells during photosynthesis’ light-dependent reactions

A

photosynthesis

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50
Q

this happens in cells during photosynthesis’ light-dependent reactions

A

light energy

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51
Q

where the molecules’ electrons jump from one
to another, an ETC similar to that in respiration

A

carrier proteins

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52
Q

in photophosphorylation, the energy of electrons is used by this to pass along protons (H+) and these are allowed to flow back just like in oxidative phosphorylation

A

ETC

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53
Q

involves a pathway from the complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water

A

cell respiration

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54
Q

Three major steps of cell respiration

A

glycolysis
krebs cycle
ETC

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55
Q

glycolysis is divided into two parts

A

energy investment phase
energy payoff phase

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56
Q

requiring the investment of 2 ATPs

A

energy investment phase

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57
Q

generates 4 ATPs through substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Energy payoff phase

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58
Q

net product produced in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

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59
Q

in glycolysis is very important especially when oxygen becomes short in supply

A

SLP

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60
Q

cells wherein oxygen can become short in supply

A

muscle cells

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61
Q

muscle cells rely on this during rapid contraction, and oxygen delivery to tissues cannot supply the requirement of ETLP

A

glycolysis

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62
Q

accumulates in the tissues and is later metabolized in the liver

A

lactic acid

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63
Q

after strenuous activity repays the oxygen debt that has occurred

A

rapid breathing

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64
Q

converts the pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

A

preparatory step

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65
Q

enters the Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid cycle

A

Acetyl-CoA

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66
Q

at the end of the Krebs Cycle, this much ATP are produced by SLP

A

2 ATPs

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67
Q

in step 3, these from the first two steps (glycolysis and krebs cycle) are tossed to the ETC

A

reduced carriers

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68
Q

in step 3, generates 34 ATPs

A

ETC

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69
Q

total amount of ATPs per glucose molecule produced

A

36-38 ATPs

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70
Q

how many ATP is consumed in the energy investment phase in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

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71
Q

how many ATP is produced through SLP in the energy payoff phase in glycolysis

A

4 ATP

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72
Q

how many NADH is produced in oxidative phosphorylation the glycolytic pathway

A

2 NADH

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73
Q

how many ATP can be produced from 1 NADH

A

3 ATP

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74
Q

how many ATPs can be produced in the glycolytic pathway with 2 NADH

A

6 ATP

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75
Q

how many ATP is produced in the Krebs Cycle through SLP

A

2 ATP

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76
Q

is the entry source of energy in glycolysis

A

glucose

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77
Q

are invested in the energy investment phase to fulfill the conversion of the molecules to PGAL or DHAP

A

2 ATPs

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78
Q

are inconvertible

A

PGAL and DHAP

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79
Q

PGAL

A

3-phosphoglyceraldehyde

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80
Q

DHAP

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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81
Q

also known as PGAL, can enter the second phase of glycolysis

A

3-glyceraldehyde phosphate

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82
Q

how many ATPs are produced in the second phase of glycolysis

A

4 ATPs

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83
Q

in this phase in glycolysis, oxidizes intermediate substrates

A

energy payoff phase

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84
Q

how many NADH is produced in the energy payoff phase of glycolysis

A

2 NADH

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85
Q

translated into 3 ATP by ETLP at the ETC

A

NADH

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86
Q

end product of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvic acid/pyruvates

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87
Q

is also called the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or citric acid cycle

A

Krebs cycle

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88
Q

series of biochemical reactions that releases large amount of potential energy in acetyl coA in step by step manner

A

krebs cycle

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89
Q

the reaction that happens in the Krebs cycle wherein the electrons are transferred to electron carriers

A

redox reaction

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90
Q

just like in glycolysis, the carriers take the electrons to the ETC for ATP conversion

A

carriers

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91
Q

in Krebs cycle, are recycled and it can go on continuously as long as the entry molecules, enzymes, and intermediates are available

A

intermediates

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92
Q

pyruvic acid is converted into this in the Krebs cycle

A

acetyl

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93
Q

the Acetyl is attached to this

A

coenzyme A (CoA)

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94
Q

pyruvic loses this due to decarboxylation

A

carbon molecule

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95
Q

major outcomes of the krebs cycle

A

release of CO2 molecules (decarboxylation)
oxidation-reduction reactions to transfer electron to carriers
SLP

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96
Q

carried by the blood to the lungs and is liberated to the atmosphere through exhalation

A

CO2

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97
Q

(fully stripped of its energy and oxidized to CO2)

A

decarboxylated

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98
Q

from the previous steps are carried forward and tossed to the ETC while simultaneously transporting H+ to the other side of the membrane using the energy of the electrons

A

NADH

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99
Q

receiving and passing on the electrons along its length

A

electron transport complexes

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100
Q

absorbs the weakened electrons, then chemically react with two hydrogen ions to form water

A

oxygen

101
Q

where it tosses its electrons, resulting in lower ATP coinversion

A

FADH2

102
Q

conversion rate of FADH2

A

2 ATPs

103
Q

conversion rate of NADH

A

3 ATP

104
Q

uses the flow of H+ concentration gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate

A

ATP synthetase

105
Q

its oxidation to acetyl CoA is a transition step which prepares it for entrance into the Krebs cycle

A

pyruvate

106
Q

during this, glucose is broken down, producing CO2, H2O, and ATP

A

aerobic cellular respiration

107
Q

very important in that they shuttle electrons to the ETC for the synthesis of ATP

A

NADH and FADH

108
Q

can be deducted from the net ATP due to it being spent on active transport of acetyl coA

A

2 ATPs

109
Q

becomes the starting material for metabolic processes

A

glucose

110
Q

requires oxygen from the atmosphere

A

aerobic respiration

111
Q

where glucose can be derived from

A

starch or glycogen

112
Q

describe the equation where glucose is converted to energy through cellular respiration

A

Glucose + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + energy

113
Q

dinucleotide with nicotinamide

A

NAD/NADH

114
Q

facilitates the breakdown of glucose

A

dehydrogenase

115
Q

where glycolysis occurs

A

cytoplasm

116
Q

glycolysis is a what metabolic pathway

A

anaerobic

117
Q

how many enzymes is required in glycolysis

A

10 enzymes

118
Q

first step in glycolysis

A

hexokinase reaction

119
Q

first enzyme in glycolysis that phosphorylates the oxygen on carbon 6 to make glucose-6-phosphate

A

hexokinase

120
Q

hexokinase catalyzes glucose’s conversion to this

A

glucose-6-phosphate

121
Q

causes more glucose to enter the cell, costs 1 ATP

A

phosphorylation

122
Q

catalyzed by phosphoglucoisomerase

A

isomerization

123
Q

second enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes glucose-6-phosphate to isomerize to fructose-6-phosphate

A

phosphoglucoisomerase

124
Q

Phosphoglucoisomerase catalyzes glucose-6-phosphate to this

A

fructose-6-phosphate

125
Q

third step in glycolysis

A

second phosphorylation

126
Q

steps in glycolysis where ATP is consumed

A

phosphorylation

127
Q

where the second phosphorylation occurs

A

carbon-1 hydroxyl

128
Q

third enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

A

phosphofructokinase 1

129
Q

phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes fructose-6-phosphate to this

A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

130
Q

step 4 wherein the molecules are ready to be cleaved into two smaller ones

A

cleavage

131
Q

lyase enzyme that will split fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GADP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

A

fructose bisphosphate aldolase

132
Q

fructose bisphosphate aldolase will split fructose-1, 6-bishphosphate into this

A

3-phosphoglyceradehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

133
Q

step 5 of glycolysis

A

conversion of DHAP to PGAL

134
Q

converts DHAP to GADP/G3P/PGAL

A

triosephosphate isomerase

135
Q

sixth step in glycolysis

A

oxidative

136
Q

is oxidized into 1,3-bisphosphate by glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

A

GADP/G3P

137
Q

enzyme involved in the oxidation of G3P to 1,3-bisphosphate

A

glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase

138
Q

step 7 of glycolysis where an ATP is produced

A

dephosphorylation

139
Q

catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group in 1-3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to become 3-phosphoglycerate

A

phosphoglycerate kinase

140
Q

since each of these will make one ATP, there will be 2 ATP molecules created in step 7

A

2 GADP molecules

141
Q

step 8 In glycolysis where phosphoglycerate mutase transfers the phosphate from 3-phosphoglycerate to make 2-phosphoglycerate

A

phosphate transfer

142
Q

transfer the remaining phosphate from 3-phosphoglycerate to make 2-phosphoglycerate

A

phosphoglycerate mutase

143
Q

step 9 where enolase catalyzes this resulting in the loss of a hydroxyl group which will produces phosphoenolpyruvate.

A

dehydration

144
Q

catalyzes a dehydration which will reduce 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

A

enolase

145
Q

step 10 where the remaining phosphate group is transferred to an ADP by pyruvate kinase

A

second dephosphorylation

146
Q

transfers the remaining phosphate group to an ADP from the phosphoenolpyruvate to become pyruvate

A

pyruvate kinase

147
Q

where another ATP is generated (2 in total)

A

second dephosphorylation

148
Q

all together, glyoclysis is a what

A

10 step process

149
Q

how many steps are the preparatory phase of glycolysis

A

5 steps

150
Q

describe the preparatory phase of glycolysis

A

Glucose + 2 ATP -> GADP

151
Q

describe the payoff phase of glycolysis

A

2 GADP -> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP

152
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the first step of glycolysis

A

glucose
glucose-6-phosphate
hexokinase
spends 1 ATP

153
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the second step of glycolysis

A

glucose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate
phosphoglucoisomerase

154
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the third step of glycolysis

A

fructose-6-phosphate
fructose-6, 1-bisphosphate
phosphofructokinase 1
cost 1 ATP

155
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the fourth step of glycolysis

A

fructose-6, 1-bisphosphate
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
fructose bisphosphate aldolase

156
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the fifth step of glycolysis

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
triosephosphate isomerase

157
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the sixth step of glycolysis

A

3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
cost 1 NAD

158
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the seventh step of glycolysis

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate kinase
producest 1 ATP

159
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the eighth step of glycolysis

A

3-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate mutase

160
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the ninth step of glycolysis

A

2-phosphoglycerate
phosphoenolpyruvate
enolase

161
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the tenth step of glycolysis

A

phosphoenolpyruvate
pyruvate
pyruvate kinase
produces 1 ATP

162
Q

where aerobic respiration occurs

A

mitochondria

163
Q

proposes that mitochondria were once separate organisms that were incorporated in eukaryotes

A

endosymbiotic theory

164
Q

where the pyruvates enter after glycolysis

A

mitochondrial matrix

165
Q

In the presence of NAD+, pyruvate will undergo:

A

decarboxylation (release of CO2)
oxidation by NAD
attachment to coenzyme A

166
Q

pyruvates will enter the mitochondrial matrix to find this

A

coenzyme A

167
Q

is generated when coenzyme A attaches to the pyruvate

A

acetyl coA

168
Q

Acetyl CoA enters this

A

citric acid cycle

169
Q

8-step pathway requiring 8 separate enzymes

A

krebs cycle

170
Q

first enzyme in the krebs cycle that removes the acetyl group and tacks it on to oxaloacetate to form citrate

A

citrate synthase

171
Q

removes the water molecule from citrate and another one is added to generate a structural isomer

A

aconitase

172
Q

structural isomer of citrate

A

isocitrate

173
Q

catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate by NAD+ and decarboxylates to form alpha-ketoglutarate

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

174
Q

aids in the process of losing another CO2 and further oxidation by NAD+ takes place

A

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

175
Q

resulting molecule in step 3 of krebs cycle will join with this once again to form succinyl-CoA

A

coenzyme A

176
Q

displaces CoA in the Krebs cycle to form succinate

A

phosphate group

177
Q

catalyzes the formation of succinate

A

succinyl-CoA synthase

178
Q

GTP

A

Guanosine triphosphate

179
Q

can be used to make one ATP

A

GTP

180
Q

succinate is oxidized by FAD

A

succinate dehydrogenase

181
Q

result of oxidation of FAD and succinate

A

fumerate and FADH2

182
Q

will catalyze hydration which will result in malate

A

fumarase

183
Q

helps the oxidation by NAD+

A

malate dehydrogenase

184
Q

malate dehydrogenase will oxidize malate and result into this, restarting the cycle

A

oxaloacetate

185
Q

overall for every acetyl coA that enters, this will produce how many NADHs, FADH2, and ATP

A

3 NADH
one FADH2
one ATP

186
Q

for 2 pyruvates entering the krebs cycle, how ma

A

6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP

187
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the first step of krebs cycle

A

acetyl coA + oxaloacetate
citrate
citrate synthase

188
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the second step of the krebs cycle

A

citrate
isocitrate
aconitase
one water lost, one water gained

189
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the third step of the krebs cycle

A

isocitrate
α-ketoglutarate
isocitrate dehydrogenase
uses one NAD+, produces NADH + CO2

190
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the fourth step of the krebs cycle

A

α-ketoglutarate
succinyl CoA
ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
uses one NAD, produces NADH + CO2

191
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the fifth step of the krebs cycle

A

succinyl CoA
succinate
succinyl CoA synthetase
uses one phosphate, produces GTP

192
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the sixth step of the krebs cycle

A

succinate
fumarate
succinate dehydrogenase
uses one FAD, produces FADH2

193
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the seventh step of the krebs cycle

A

fumarate
malate
fumarase
one water gained

194
Q

state the reactant, product, enzyme, and addtl details of the eighth step of the krebs cycle

A

malate
oxaloacetate
malate dehydrogenase
uses one NAD, produces NADH

195
Q

generates by far the biggest energy payoff

A

oxidative phosphorylation

196
Q

where oxidative phosphorylation happens

A

inner membrane of the mitochondrion

197
Q

these proteins bear a variety of prosthetic groups

A

proteins complexes I-IV

198
Q

non-protein components of the protein complexes

A

prosthetic group

199
Q

where prosthetic groups gives its functionality

A

flavin mononucleotides and cytochrome

200
Q

compound in the ETC that is not a protein, hydrophobic molecule that is mobile within the membrane and is also known as coenzyme Q or CoQ

A

ubiquinone

201
Q

feeds electrons on the first components on the ETC

A

NADH

202
Q

what happens when NADH feeds electrons on the proteins in ETC

A

sequential redox reactions

203
Q

describe the pathway that electrons move through in ETC

A

PS I
Q PSIII
PSIV

204
Q

by the movement of electrons through a transport chain, this was produced

A

proton gradient

205
Q

they accumulate outside the inner mitochondrial membrane, which then go to power ATP synthase

A

protons

206
Q

proton-motive force that can generate ATP through a chemical gradient

A

chemiosmosis

207
Q

– structure that has a component that looks startlingly like a rotor, where individual protons can bind and cause it to spin in such a way that

A

ATP synthetase

208
Q

A substance with loses electrons is said to be

A

oxidized

209
Q

Composed of cyt-b-Fe-s-cyt c1 electron transporters

A

complex 2

210
Q

The electron transport system produces ___ ATP from each NADH and/or ____ ATP from each FADH2 entering the system

A

3;2

211
Q

In which step of cell respiration does production of majority of ATPs happen?

A

ETC

212
Q

Why are mitochondria absent in mature red blood cells

A

They would consume O2 carried by mature RBCs

213
Q

NADH transfers e- to this complex

A

complex 1

214
Q

The last electron acceptor in the ETC is

A

oxygen

215
Q

The primary energy carrier between the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system is

A

NADH

216
Q

ATP production characterized by direct transfer of an inorganic phosphate from phosphorylated compound to ADP

A

substrate level phosphorylation

217
Q

Which ion gradient provides energy in the production of ATP?

A

H+

218
Q

This step happens in the cristae

A

ETC

219
Q

Match the event/characteristic to the correct step/stage:

chemiosmosis
formation of 6 NADH
production of 4 ATP

A

ETC
Krebs
Glycolysis

220
Q

Which of these processes occur in the cytosol?

A

glycolysis

221
Q

Match the event/characteristic to the correct step/stage:

decarboxylation of pyruvate
formation of FADH
energy investment

A

decarboxylation of pyruvate - prep
formation of FADH - krebs
energy investment - glycolysis

222
Q

The carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A

citric acid cycle
prep

223
Q

FADH2 transfers its electrons to cyt c and produces a weaker H+ gradient so that only 2 ATPs can be produced from kinetic energy generated from the said ion gradient

A

false

224
Q

ETC is composed of what complexes

A

complex I
complex II
complex III
ATP synthase

225
Q

complex I is composed of

A

FMN
Fe-S

226
Q

complex II is composed of

A

cyt b
Fe-S
Cyt c1

227
Q

complex III is composed of

A

Cu
Cyt a
Cyt a3

228
Q

what complex do not belong in CI-CIII

A

Q
Cyt c

229
Q

how many CO2 is produced in prep

A

2 CO2

230
Q

how many CO2 is produced in krebs

A

4 CO2

231
Q

how many NADH is produced in krebs (2 cycles)

A

6 NADH

232
Q

how many FADH2 is produced in krebs (2 cycles)

A

2 FADH

233
Q

how many ATP is produced in krebs (2 cycles)

A

2 ATP

234
Q

Match the event/characteristic to the correct step/stage

anaerobic
production of 2 ATP
CoA attaches to the acetyl group

A

anaerobic - glycolysis
production of 2 ATPs - Krebs
CoA attaches to acetyl group - prep

235
Q

Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water

A

the electron transport system

236
Q

Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ___ ATP molecules

A

36 molecules

237
Q

Match the event/characteristics to the correct step/stage

formation 2 CO2
aconitase
use of 2 ATPs to initiate cell respiration

A

Formation of 2 CO2 - prep
aconitase - krebs
use of 2 ATPs…- glycolysis

238
Q

In the ETC, coenzymes are oxidized

A

True

239
Q

Match the event/characteristic to the correct step/stage
Coenzymes are oxidized –
Citrate synthase –
Formation of 34 ATPs –

A

ETC/Glycolysis
Krebs
ETC

240
Q

These processes occur in the mitochondrial matrix

A

prep, krebs

241
Q

Which connects glycolysis with the final stages of the aerobic pathways?

A

prep

242
Q

Match the event/characteristic to the correct step/stage

Formation of 2 GTPs ->
Citric acid cycle ->
Aldolase ->

A

Formation of 2 GTPs -> krebs
Citric acid cycle -> krebs
Aldolase -> glycolysis

243
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation is less efficient in terms of ATP production compared to fermentation

A

FALSE

244
Q

The preparatory reaction breaks pyruvate into what

A

acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide

245
Q

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP

246
Q

Match the event/characteristic into the correct step/stage:
Electron transporters are arranged into complexes ->
Glucose broken down into pyruvates –
Productions 4 CO2 –

A

electron transporters are arranged into complexes -> ETC

Glucose broken down into pyruvates – glycolysis

Productions 4 CO2 – krebs

247
Q

The citric acid cycle

Must occur twice for each glucose molecule to be metabolized
- Produces 4 carbon dioxide molecules per glucose molecule - All of the choices are correct
- Produces 2 ATP directly from the cycle intermediates

A

all are correct

248
Q

In which step of cell respiration does the utilization of 2 ATPs happen to transport pyruvates into the mitochondrion?

A

prep

Fundamentals of Zoology (23 decks)

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