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Fundamentals of Zoology > Dorsal Muscles of the Frog > Flashcards

Dorsal Muscles of the Frog Flashcards

1
Q

accomplished by muscle contraction

A

locomotion

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2
Q

attachment to the bone that remains relatively stationary or fixed when movement at the joint occurs

A

origin

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3
Q

point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts

A

insertion

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4
Q

main part of the muscle

A

body

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5
Q

movement produced by the contraction

A

action

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6
Q

close to their joints, and the advantage gained by this is that the muscle has to shorten a small distance to produce a corresponding large movement of the body part

A

insertion

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7
Q

fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons or aponeuroses of the origin and insertion

A

belly

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8
Q

movement of muscles;

A

muscle action

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9
Q

most movement are coordinated by ____ acting in groups rather than individually

A

several muscles

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10
Q

most skeletal muscles are arranged in what pairs at joints

A

opposing

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11
Q

example of opposing pairs of muscles

A

flexors-extensors
abductors- adductors

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12
Q

it is the prime mover, a muscle that causes a desired action; contracting

A

agonist

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13
Q

it is a muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.

A

antagnoist

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14
Q

has an effect opposite to that of the prime mover

A

antagonist

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15
Q

– the _____ relaxes and yields to the movement of the primer mover

A

antagonist

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16
Q

it is a muscle involved in addition to agonist and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movement and functions more efficiently

A

synergist

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17
Q

based on direction of the muscle fiber with reference to the midline:

parallel - __________
transverse - __________

A

rectus
transversus

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18
Q

based on location: attachment to the temporal bone

A

temporalis

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19
Q

based on size:

largest
smallest
longest
shortest

A

maximus
minimus
longus
brevis

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20
Q

based on number of origins:

two origins
three origins

A

bicep
tricep

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21
Q

based on origin and insertion:

origin: scapula insertion: deltoid ridge

A

scalpuhumeralis

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22
Q

bends or flexes a part: decreases the angle at a joint

A

flexor

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23
Q

straightens or extends a part: usually increases the angle of a joint

A

extensor

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24
Q

moves a body away from the
midline or axis of the body

A

abductor

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25
Moves a bone closer to the midline
adductor
26
Produces an upward or superiorly directed movement
levator
27
Produces a downward or inferiorly directed movement
depressor
28
Decreases the size of an opening
sphincter
29
Increases the size of an opening
dilator
30
Moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
rotator
31
Rotator that turns a part dorsad or upward
supinator
32
Rotator that turns a part ventrad or upward
pronator
33
Makes a body part more rigid
tensor
34
pearly white connective tissue which protect the muscles and bind them together
fascia
35
fibrous connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle
epimysium
36
it is an invagination of epimysium that divides the muscles into bundles called fasciculi (facicles
perimysium
37
bundles of the muscles
fasciculi
38
it is an invagination of perimysium that penetrates deep into the interior of each fascicle and separate individual muscle fibers from one another
endomysium
39
are all extensions of deep fascia and are continuous with the connective tissue that attaches the muscle to other structure
epimysium perimysium endomysium
40
broad, flat band of tendons that also attaches to coverings of a bone or another muscle
aponeurosis
41
chord of connective tissue (extensives of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium) that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of bone
tendon
42
name all the superficial dorsal muscles of the frog's head, jaws, and tongue (4)
temporalis depressor mandibulae pterygoideus rhomboideus
43
OIA of Temporalis
O - side of the skull I - posterior side of the jaw A - elevates the lower jaw and closes the mouth
44
OIA of Depressor Mandibulae
O - behind the tympanic ring and dorsal fascia I - tip of the mouth and jaw A - depresses the lower jaw and opens the mouth
45
OIA of Pterygoideus
O - pterygoid region of the skull I - medial side of the condyle of the mandible A - assist in jaw movement
46
OIA of Rhomboideus
O I A - help to lift the frog's shoulder blades
47
identify the dorsal muscles in the frog's head, jaws, and tongue
grade yourself accordingly
48
name all the principal superficial dorsal muscles of the frog's trunk (13)
dorsalis scapulae lattissimus dorsi longissimus dorsi coccygeosacralis coccygeoiliacus external oblique internal oblique iliolumbaris cutaneous abdominis gluteus pyriformis sphincter ani scapulohumeralis
49
name all the dorsal muscles found in the frog's forelimb
triceps brachii extensors
50
diamond shape
rhomboid
51
refers to the temples
temporalis
52
means the dorsal part
dorsalis
53
means scapula
scapulae
54
refers to the back
dorsum
55
means longest
longgisimus
56
refers to the coccyx
coccygeo
57
refers to the sacrum
sacralis
58
refers to the ilium
iliacus
59
towards or near the surface
external
60
refers to the direction of the fibers diagonally towards the midline
oblique
61
refers to the direction of the fibers perpendicularly towards the midline
transversus
62
means buttock
glutos
63
means pear
pirum
64
means shape
forma
65
OIA of dorsalis scapulae
O - dorsal surface of the scapula I - lateral side of humerus A - extends the arm
66
OIA of Lattissimus dorsi
O - dorsal fascia I - lateral border of humerus A - raises the forelimb in an upward and backward direction
67
OIA of longissimus dorsi
O - 3rd of the urostyle I - skull A - extends the back and elevates the head
68
OIA of coccygeosacralis
O - lateral anterior 1/2 of the eurostyle I - arch and transverse process of the vertebra A - draws back nearer the urostyle or turns back on one side
69
OIA of coccygeoiliacus
origin - lateral side of the urostyle I - anterior part of the ilium A - fixes the urostyle in connection with the pelvic girdle
70
OIA of external oblique
O - It is at the dorsal fascia and ilium I - Linea alba A - Supports the abdominal cavity as well as reduces it
71
OIA of internal oblique
O - Ilium, dorsal fascia and the transverse process of the vertebrae I - Linea alba, the sternum, and caracoid A - constricts the abdomen
72
OIA of iliolumbaris
O - anterior end of the ilium I - transverse process of the sacral vertebra A - extensor of the back
73
OIA of cutaneous abdominis
O I A
74
OIA of gluteus
O - dorsal side of the ilium I - dorsal side of the femur A - rotates the femur forward
75
OIA of pyriformis
O - posterior tip of the urostyle I - proximal end of the femur A - pulls the urostyle to one side and draws the femur dorsally
76
OIA of sphincter ani
O I A - constricts cloacal opening
77
OIA of scapulohumeralis
O - scapula I - deltoid ridges A - adducts and protracts the forearm
78
OIA of triceps brachii
O - base of the scapula and the shaft of the humeus I - posterior end of the radioulna A - extends the forearm
79
OIA of extensors
A - body support during sitting/walking, absorption of impact forces
80
OIA of triceps femoris
O - vastus externus (acetabulum), vastus internus (anterior end of ilium), rectus femoris (posterior end of ilium) I - end of tibiofibula A - extends the shank and flexes the thigh
81
OIA of gracilis minor
O - ischium I - tibiofibula A - flexes/extend the shank
82
OIA of tensor fascia latae
O - ilium I - tibia A - Draws the hind limb forward and extends the leg
83
OIA of biceps femoris (iliofibularis)
O - ilium I - tibiofibula A - flexes the shank and extends the thigh
84
OIA of semimembranosus
O - ischium I - back of the head of tibiofibula A - adducts/extend the thigh, flexes/extends the shank
85
name the muscles in the frog's trunk and forelimbs
grade yourself accordingly
86
name the muscles in the frog's thigh
grade yourself accordingly
87
name all te dorsal muscles in the frog's shank (3)
gastrocnemius tibialis anticus peroneus
88
OIA of gastrocnemius
O - femur and triceps femoris I - tendon of achilles A - extends the ankle and foot, flexes the shank
89
OIA of tibialis anticus
O - end of femur I - fibulare A - flexes the foot, extends the shank
90
Peroneus OIA
O - femur I - tibiofibula end of calcaneum A - extends the shank, extends the foot farther

Fundamentals of Zoology (23 decks)

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