Dorsal Muscles of the Frog Flashcards
accomplished by muscle contraction
locomotion
attachment to the bone that remains relatively stationary or fixed when movement at the joint occurs
origin
point of attachment to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts
insertion
main part of the muscle
body
movement produced by the contraction
action
close to their joints, and the advantage gained by this is that the muscle has to shorten a small distance to produce a corresponding large movement of the body part
insertion
fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons or aponeuroses of the origin and insertion
belly
movement of muscles;
muscle action
most movement are coordinated by ____ acting in groups rather than individually
several muscles
most skeletal muscles are arranged in what pairs at joints
opposing
example of opposing pairs of muscles
flexors-extensors
abductors- adductors
it is the prime mover, a muscle that causes a desired action; contracting
agonist
it is a muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.
antagnoist
has an effect opposite to that of the prime mover
antagonist
– the _____ relaxes and yields to the movement of the primer mover
antagonist
it is a muscle involved in addition to agonist and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movement and functions more efficiently
synergist
based on direction of the muscle fiber with reference to the midline:
parallel - __________
transverse - __________
rectus
transversus
based on location: attachment to the temporal bone
temporalis
based on size:
largest
smallest
longest
shortest
maximus
minimus
longus
brevis
based on number of origins:
two origins
three origins
bicep
tricep
based on origin and insertion:
origin: scapula insertion: deltoid ridge
scalpuhumeralis
bends or flexes a part: decreases the angle at a joint
flexor
straightens or extends a part: usually increases the angle of a joint
extensor
moves a body away from the
midline or axis of the body
abductor
Moves a bone closer to the
midline
adductor
Produces an upward or
superiorly directed movement
levator
Produces a downward or
inferiorly directed movement
depressor
Decreases the size of an
opening
sphincter
Increases the size of an
opening
dilator
Moves a bone around its
longitudinal axis
rotator
Rotator that turns a part
dorsad or upward
supinator
Rotator that turns a part
ventrad or upward
pronator
Makes a body part more rigid
tensor
pearly white connective
tissue which protect the muscles and
bind them together
fascia
fibrous connective
tissue that wraps the entire muscle
epimysium
it is an invagination of
epimysium that divides the muscles
into bundles called fasciculi (facicles
perimysium
bundles of the muscles
fasciculi
it is an invagination of
perimysium that penetrates deep into
the interior of each fascicle and
separate individual muscle fibers
from one another
endomysium
are all extensions
of deep fascia and are
continuous with the
connective tissue that
attaches the muscle to other
structure
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
broad, flat band
of tendons that also attaches
to coverings of a bone or
another muscle
aponeurosis
chord of connective
tissue (extensives of
epimysium, perimysium, and
endomysium) that attaches a
muscle to the periosteum of
bone
tendon
name all the superficial dorsal muscles of the frog’s head, jaws, and tongue (4)
temporalis
depressor mandibulae
pterygoideus
rhomboideus
OIA of Temporalis
O - side of the skull
I - posterior side of the jaw
A - elevates the lower jaw and closes the mouth
OIA of Depressor Mandibulae
O - behind the tympanic ring and dorsal fascia
I - tip of the mouth and jaw
A - depresses the lower jaw and opens the mouth
OIA of Pterygoideus
O - pterygoid region of the skull
I - medial side of the condyle of the mandible
A - assist in jaw movement
OIA of Rhomboideus
O
I
A - help to lift the frog’s shoulder blades
identify the dorsal muscles in the frog’s head, jaws, and tongue
grade yourself accordingly
name all the principal superficial dorsal muscles of the frog’s trunk (13)
dorsalis scapulae
lattissimus dorsi
longissimus dorsi
coccygeosacralis
coccygeoiliacus
external oblique
internal oblique
iliolumbaris
cutaneous abdominis
gluteus
pyriformis
sphincter ani
scapulohumeralis
name all the dorsal muscles found in the frog’s forelimb
triceps brachii
extensors
diamond shape
rhomboid
refers to the temples
temporalis
means the dorsal part
dorsalis
means scapula
scapulae
refers to the back
dorsum
means longest
longgisimus
refers to the coccyx
coccygeo
refers to the sacrum
sacralis
refers to the ilium
iliacus
towards or near the surface
external
refers to the direction of the fibers diagonally towards the midline
oblique
refers to the direction of the fibers perpendicularly towards the midline
transversus
means buttock
glutos
means pear
pirum
means shape
forma
OIA of dorsalis scapulae
O - dorsal surface of the scapula
I - lateral side of humerus
A - extends the arm
OIA of Lattissimus dorsi
O - dorsal fascia
I - lateral border of humerus
A - raises the forelimb in an upward and backward direction
OIA of longissimus dorsi
O - 3rd of the urostyle
I - skull
A - extends the back and elevates the head
OIA of coccygeosacralis
O - lateral anterior 1/2 of the eurostyle
I - arch and transverse process of the vertebra
A - draws back nearer the urostyle or turns back on one side
OIA of coccygeoiliacus
origin - lateral side of the urostyle
I - anterior part of the ilium
A - fixes the urostyle in connection with the pelvic girdle
OIA of external oblique
O - It is at the dorsal fascia and ilium
I - Linea alba
A - Supports the abdominal cavity as well as reduces it
OIA of internal oblique
O - Ilium, dorsal fascia and the transverse process of the vertebrae
I - Linea alba, the sternum, and caracoid
A - constricts the abdomen
OIA of iliolumbaris
O - anterior end of the ilium
I - transverse process of the sacral vertebra
A - extensor of the back
OIA of cutaneous abdominis
O
I
A
OIA of gluteus
O - dorsal side of the ilium
I - dorsal side of the femur
A - rotates the femur forward
OIA of pyriformis
O - posterior tip of the urostyle
I - proximal end of the femur
A - pulls the urostyle to one side and draws the femur dorsally
OIA of sphincter ani
O
I
A - constricts cloacal opening
OIA of scapulohumeralis
O - scapula
I - deltoid ridges
A - adducts and protracts the forearm
OIA of triceps brachii
O - base of the scapula and the shaft of the humeus
I - posterior end of the radioulna
A - extends the forearm
OIA of extensors
A - body support during sitting/walking, absorption of impact forces
OIA of triceps femoris
O - vastus externus (acetabulum), vastus internus (anterior end of ilium), rectus femoris (posterior end of ilium)
I - end of tibiofibula
A - extends the shank and flexes the thigh
OIA of gracilis minor
O - ischium
I - tibiofibula
A - flexes/extend the shank
OIA of tensor fascia latae
O - ilium
I - tibia
A - Draws the hind limb forward and extends
the leg
OIA of biceps femoris (iliofibularis)
O - ilium
I - tibiofibula
A - flexes the shank and extends the thigh
OIA of semimembranosus
O - ischium
I - back of the head of tibiofibula
A - adducts/extend the thigh, flexes/extends the shank
name the muscles in the frog’s trunk and forelimbs
grade yourself accordingly
name the muscles in the frog’s thigh
grade yourself accordingly
name all te dorsal muscles in the frog’s shank (3)
gastrocnemius
tibialis anticus
peroneus
OIA of gastrocnemius
O - femur and triceps femoris
I - tendon of achilles
A - extends the ankle and foot, flexes the shank
OIA of tibialis anticus
O - end of femur
I - fibulare
A - flexes the foot, extends the shank
Peroneus OIA
O - femur
I - tibiofibula end of calcaneum
A - extends the shank, extends the foot farther
