Animal Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
aggregation of cells within similar structure and function
A
tissues
2
Q
four types of tissues
A
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
3
Q
cover body surfaces, line hollow organs, coelom and different ducts, and form different types of glands
A
epithelial
4
Q
bind other tissues and organs together, provide immunity, store energy, and protect and support other body parts
A
connective
5
Q
function in movement brought about by contraction
A
muscular
6
Q
tissues that initiate and transport nerve impulses that help coordinate body activities
A
nervous
7
Q
epithelial tissues type as to arrangement of layers
A
simple
stratified
pseudostratified
8
Q
made up of single layer of cells and found in areas where transport processes such as osmosis, diffusion, filtration, secretion, and absorption occurs
A
simple epithelia
9
Q
made up of two or more layers of cells and are found in areas where the cells are subjected to considerable amount of “wear and tear”
A
stratified epithelia
10
Q
made up of a single layer of cells with nuclei found at different levels, thus giving the stratified appearance
A
pseudostratified epithelia
11
Q
epithelial tissue types as to shapes of cells
A
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional
12
Q
pseudostratified is only present in what shape of cell
A
columnar
13
Q
single layer of flat scale-like cells
A
simple squamous
14
Q
location of simple squamous tissue
A
air sacs of lungs
endothelium of blood vessels
15
Q
function of simple squamous tissue
A
diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion
16
Q
single layer of cube-like cells
A
simple cuboidal
17
Q
location of simple cuboidal tissue
A
kidney tubules, smaller ducts of many glands
18
Q
function of simple cuboidal tissue
A
secretion, absorption
19
Q
a single layer of cylindrical cells which may be ciliated or nonciliated
A
simple columnar
20
Q
location of nonciliated simple columnar tissue
A
gastrointestinal tract
21
Q
location of ciliated simple columnar tissue
A
fallopian tubes
uterus
central canal of spinal cord
portions of upper respiratory tract
22
Q
several layers of cells which the cells are squamous-shaped
A
stratified squamous
23
Q
location of stratified squamous
A
skin
tongue
inner lining of mouth
portion of esophagus
24
Q
function of stratified squamous
A
protection of organs
25
appearance vary whether the epithelium is relaxed or in a stretched state
transitional epithelium
26
location of transitional epithelium
urinary bladder
portions of uterus and urethra
27
function of transitional epithelium
allow stretching of organs
28
a single layer of cells with nuclei located at different levels
pseudostratified epithelium
29
location of pseudostratified epithelium
upper respiratory tract
30
functions of pseudostratified epithelium
secretion and movement of mucus by cilia
31
a gland (may be a cell or a group of cells) produces and secretes substances into ducts, directly onto a surface or into the blood
glandular epithelium
32
glandular epithelium can be classified into
exocrine glands
endocrine glands
33
type of glandular epithelium that secretes their products into ducts
exocrine glands
34
example of exocrine glands (6)
sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands
mammary glands
salivary glands
pancreatic glands
35
exocrine glands that is found in the skin and secretes sweat
sudoriferous glands
36
exocrine glands that is found in the skin except palms and soles
sebaceous glands
37
exocrine glands that is found in the ear and secretes earwax
ceruminous glands
38
exocrine glands that is found in the breast
mammary glands
39
exocrine glands that is found in the lower jaw, below the tongue and beside the ear
salivary gland
40
exocrine glands that is found in the pancreas
pancreatic glands
41
produces and secrete hormones which diffuse into blood
endocrine glands
42
most abundant and most widely distributed of all tissue types
conneective tissue
43
primarily involved in protection, support, and binding together of other body tissues
connective tissues
44
three basic elements of connective tissue
cell
ground substance
fiber
45
types of fiber
collagenous
reticular
elastic
46
cells that create fibers
fibroblasts
47
determines the quality of each connective tissue since this can be liquid, semi-solid, or gel-like or may be mineralized (very hard)
matrix
48
matrix is made up of
ground substance
fibers
49
matrix can be (4)
liquid
semi-solid
gel-like
mineralized
50
type of connective tissues that have poor blood suppl
tendons and ligaments
51
type of connective tissues that are avascular
cartilages
52
type of connective tissue that are generally softer and have more cells and fewer fibers
loose connective tissue
53
the most widely distributed among connective tissues, being soft and pliable, it cushions and protects body organs
areolar tissue
54
areolar consists of what fibers
collagen
elastic
reticular
55
what type of matrix does an areolar tissue have
semi-fluid
56
locations of areolar tissues
subcutaneous layer of skin
papilliary layer of dermis of skin
mucous membranes
57
function of areolar tissues
strength, elasticity, and support
58
Considered as the universal packing tissue because it “glues” internal organs to maintain their positions
areolar tissue
59
because of its loose and fluid nature, it provides a reservoir of water and salts forming a “tissue fluid” in which body cells are dependent in obtaining nutrients and ridding off their wastes
areolar tissue
60
mainly made up of adipocytes with peripheral nuclei
adipose tissue
61
location of adipose tissue
subcutaneous layer of skin
around kidneys and heart
hips and breasts
yellow bone marrow of long bones
behind eyeball in eye socket
62
function of adipose tissue
insulates body by protecting it from extreme heat and cold
63
also called dense fibrous connective tissue; main matrix element is collagen in which rows/scattered are embedded
dense connective tissue
64
types of DCT
dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic connective tissue
65
where can dense regular connective tissue s be found
tendons and ligaments
66
where can dense irregular connective tissues be found
fascia
perichondrium
periosteum (end of bones)
67
where can elastic connective tissue be found
lung tissue
elastic arteries
bronchial tubes
trachea
true vocal cords
68
more flexible and less harder than bone, generally consist of chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae and embedded in a matrix
carilage
69
cells that create cartilages
chondrocytes
70
most abundant and widespread cartilage: predominance of fine collagen fibers embedded in a blue-white glassy matrix; covered by perichondrium
hyaline cartilage
71
means glass
hyaline
72
location of hyaline cartilage
ends of long bones
ends of ribs
bridge of nose
part of respiratory tract such as larynx, trachea, and bronchi
73
function of hyaline cartilage
flexibility, support, providing smooth surfaces for movement at joints
74
chondrocytes are scattered among collagen fiber bundles
fibrocartilage
75
location of fibrocartilage
intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis
76
chondrocytes are situated in a threadlike network of elastic fibers; covered by perichondrium
elastic cartilage
77
location of elastic cartilage
epiglottis
auricle of ear
eustachian tubes
78
function of elastic cartilage
support for structures
maintenance for shapes
79
also called osseous tissue, consist of osteocytes (bone cells) housing for lacunae (spaces), surrounded by layers of hard, mineralized matrix (calcium salts) with predominant collagen fibers
bone
80
bone cells
osteocytes
81
spaces that osteocytes are housed in
lacunae
82
consists of systems of osteons/Haversian system
compact bone
83
consist of thin, irregular plates of matrices called trabeculae
spongy bone
84
spaces between spongy bone that are filled with red bone marrow
trabeculae
85
location of osseous tissue
bones in the body
86
function of osseous tissue
protection, support, energy storage, housing for blood-forming (hematopoietic) tissues, movement in coordination with muscles and joints
87
also called vascular tissue, the “fibers” are soluble proteins which can be seen only during blood clotting
blood
88
Considered as a connective tissue because it consists of different blood cells
vascular tissue
89
red blood cells
erythrocytes
90
white blood cells
leucocytes
91
platelets
thrombocytes
92
fluid matrix in vascular tissue
plasma
93
location of vascular tissues
within blood vessels
94
function of RBC
transport gases
95
function of WBC
engage in phagocytosis, immunity, and allergic reactions
96
function of platelets
blood clotting
97
are elongated (called muscle fibers) and are specialized to contract or shorten to generate force to do work
muscle cells
98
general characteristics of muscles
irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
99
ability of muscles to respond to stimuli such as hormones and neurotransmitters and generate action potentials (impulses)
irritability
100
ability of muscles to shorten and thicken to generate force to do work
contractility
101
capability to be stretched without damaging the tissue
extensibility
102
after contraction or extension, ability of tissue to return to its original shape
elasticity
103
general functions of muscle tissue (4)
motion,
stabilization of posture,
organ volume regulation,
thermogenesis (generation of heat)
104
generation of heat
thermogenesis
105
different muscle tissue types
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
106
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of location
skeletal - attached to bones
cardiac - walls of heart
smooth - walls of hollow internal organs
107
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of shape
skeletal - cylindrical
cardiac - branching/anastomosing
smooth - spindle-like
108
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of number and location of nucleus per cell
skeletal - multinucleated/peripheral
cardiac - mono or binucleated/central
smooth - mononucleated/central
109
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of presence of striations
skeletal - present
cardiac -present
smooth - absent
110
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of nervous control
skeletal - voluntary
cardiac - involuntary
smooth - involuntary
111
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of special structures
skeletal - none
cardiac - intercalated disc
smooth - none
112
difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of function
skeletal - motion, posture, thermogenesis
cardiac - pumps blood
smooth - motion associated with internal organs such as constriction of blood vessels and airways, peristalsis, contraction of urinary bladder and gall bladder
113
consist only of two principal kinds of cells: neurons and neuroglia
nervous tissue
114
receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one body part to another (e.g. other neurons, muscles, glands)
neurons
115
basic parts of neurons
dendrites
cell body
axon
116
highly branched; receive impulse and convey them to the cell body
dendrites
117
integrates impulses
cell body
118
long, cylindrical process; conveys impulses
from cell body to other neurons, muscles and glands
axons
119
based on functions neurons can be (3)
sensory
association
motor
120
types of neurons that conduct impulses from receptors to CNS
sensory/afferent
121
types of neurons that conduct impulses to other association neurons including motor neurons
association/connecting
122
type of neurons that conduct impulses to effectors such as muscles and glands
motor/efferent
123
not capable of generating or conducting nerve impulses but they protect (e.g. microglia which are resident phagocytes), support, and nourish neurons
neuroglia
124
function of neuroglia
protect microglia
support and nourish neurons
125
serve as the myelinating cell of the PNS and support cells of peripheral neurons
schwann cells
