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Fundamentals of Zoology > Animal Tissues > Flashcards

Animal Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

aggregation of cells within similar structure and function

A

tissues

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2
Q

four types of tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous

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3
Q

cover body surfaces, line hollow organs, coelom and different ducts, and form different types of glands

A

epithelial

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4
Q

bind other tissues and organs together, provide immunity, store energy, and protect and support other body parts

A

connective

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5
Q

function in movement brought about by contraction

A

muscular

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6
Q

tissues that initiate and transport nerve impulses that help coordinate body activities

A

nervous

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7
Q

epithelial tissues type as to arrangement of layers

A

simple
stratified
pseudostratified

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8
Q

made up of single layer of cells and found in areas where transport processes such as osmosis, diffusion, filtration, secretion, and absorption occurs

A

simple epithelia

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9
Q

made up of two or more layers of cells and are found in areas where the cells are subjected to considerable amount of “wear and tear”

A

stratified epithelia

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10
Q

made up of a single layer of cells with nuclei found at different levels, thus giving the stratified appearance

A

pseudostratified epithelia

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11
Q

epithelial tissue types as to shapes of cells

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar
transitional

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12
Q

pseudostratified is only present in what shape of cell

A

columnar

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13
Q

single layer of flat scale-like cells

A

simple squamous

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14
Q

location of simple squamous tissue

A

air sacs of lungs
endothelium of blood vessels

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15
Q

function of simple squamous tissue

A

diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion

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16
Q

single layer of cube-like cells

A

simple cuboidal

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17
Q

location of simple cuboidal tissue

A

kidney tubules, smaller ducts of many glands

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18
Q

function of simple cuboidal tissue

A

secretion, absorption

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19
Q

a single layer of cylindrical cells which may be ciliated or nonciliated

A

simple columnar

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20
Q

location of nonciliated simple columnar tissue

A

gastrointestinal tract

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21
Q

location of ciliated simple columnar tissue

A

fallopian tubes
uterus
central canal of spinal cord
portions of upper respiratory tract

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22
Q

several layers of cells which the cells are squamous-shaped

A

stratified squamous

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23
Q

location of stratified squamous

A

skin
tongue
inner lining of mouth
portion of esophagus

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24
Q

function of stratified squamous

A

protection of organs

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25
Q

appearance vary whether the epithelium is relaxed or in a stretched state

A

transitional epithelium

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26
Q

location of transitional epithelium

A

urinary bladder
portions of uterus and urethra

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27
Q

function of transitional epithelium

A

allow stretching of organs

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28
Q

a single layer of cells with nuclei located at different levels

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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29
Q

location of pseudostratified epithelium

A

upper respiratory tract

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30
Q

functions of pseudostratified epithelium

A

secretion and movement of mucus by cilia

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31
Q

a gland (may be a cell or a group of cells) produces and secretes substances into ducts, directly onto a surface or into the blood

A

glandular epithelium

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32
Q

glandular epithelium can be classified into

A

exocrine glands
endocrine glands

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33
Q

type of glandular epithelium that secretes their products into ducts

A

exocrine glands

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34
Q

example of exocrine glands (6)

A

sudoriferous glands
sebaceous glands
ceruminous glands
mammary glands
salivary glands
pancreatic glands

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35
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the skin and secretes sweat

A

sudoriferous glands

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36
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the skin except palms and soles

A

sebaceous glands

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37
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the ear and secretes earwax

A

ceruminous glands

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38
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the breast

A

mammary glands

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39
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the lower jaw, below the tongue and beside the ear

A

salivary gland

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40
Q

exocrine glands that is found in the pancreas

A

pancreatic glands

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41
Q

produces and secrete hormones which diffuse into blood

A

endocrine glands

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42
Q

most abundant and most widely distributed of all tissue types

A

conneective tissue

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43
Q

primarily involved in protection, support, and binding together of other body tissues

A

connective tissues

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44
Q

three basic elements of connective tissue

A

cell
ground substance
fiber

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45
Q

types of fiber

A

collagenous
reticular
elastic

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46
Q

cells that create fibers

A

fibroblasts

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47
Q

determines the quality of each connective tissue since this can be liquid, semi-solid, or gel-like or may be mineralized (very hard)

A

matrix

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48
Q

matrix is made up of

A

ground substance
fibers

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49
Q

matrix can be (4)

A

liquid
semi-solid
gel-like
mineralized

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50
Q

type of connective tissues that have poor blood suppl

A

tendons and ligaments

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51
Q

type of connective tissues that are avascular

A

cartilages

52
Q

type of connective tissue that are generally softer and have more cells and fewer fibers

A

loose connective tissue

53
Q

the most widely distributed among connective tissues, being soft and pliable, it cushions and protects body organs

A

areolar tissue

54
Q

areolar consists of what fibers

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

55
Q

what type of matrix does an areolar tissue have

A

semi-fluid

56
Q

locations of areolar tissues

A

subcutaneous layer of skin
papilliary layer of dermis of skin
mucous membranes

57
Q

function of areolar tissues

A

strength, elasticity, and support

58
Q

Considered as the universal packing tissue because it “glues” internal organs to maintain their positions

A

areolar tissue

59
Q

because of its loose and fluid nature, it provides a reservoir of water and salts forming a “tissue fluid” in which body cells are dependent in obtaining nutrients and ridding off their wastes

A

areolar tissue

60
Q

mainly made up of adipocytes with peripheral nuclei

A

adipose tissue

61
Q

location of adipose tissue

A

subcutaneous layer of skin
around kidneys and heart
hips and breasts
yellow bone marrow of long bones
behind eyeball in eye socket

62
Q

function of adipose tissue

A

insulates body by protecting it from extreme heat and cold

63
Q

also called dense fibrous connective tissue; main matrix element is collagen in which rows/scattered are embedded

A

dense connective tissue

64
Q

types of DCT

A

dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic connective tissue

65
Q

where can dense regular connective tissue s be found

A

tendons and ligaments

66
Q

where can dense irregular connective tissues be found

A

fascia
perichondrium
periosteum (end of bones)

67
Q

where can elastic connective tissue be found

A

lung tissue
elastic arteries
bronchial tubes
trachea
true vocal cords

68
Q

more flexible and less harder than bone, generally consist of chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae and embedded in a matrix

A

carilage

69
Q

cells that create cartilages

A

chondrocytes

70
Q

most abundant and widespread cartilage: predominance of fine collagen fibers embedded in a blue-white glassy matrix; covered by perichondrium

A

hyaline cartilage

71
Q

means glass

A

hyaline

72
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

ends of long bones
ends of ribs
bridge of nose
part of respiratory tract such as larynx, trachea, and bronchi

73
Q

function of hyaline cartilage

A

flexibility, support, providing smooth surfaces for movement at joints

74
Q

chondrocytes are scattered among collagen fiber bundles

A

fibrocartilage

75
Q

location of fibrocartilage

A

intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis

76
Q

chondrocytes are situated in a threadlike network of elastic fibers; covered by perichondrium

A

elastic cartilage

77
Q

location of elastic cartilage

A

epiglottis
auricle of ear
eustachian tubes

78
Q

function of elastic cartilage

A

support for structures
maintenance for shapes

79
Q

also called osseous tissue, consist of osteocytes (bone cells) housing for lacunae (spaces), surrounded by layers of hard, mineralized matrix (calcium salts) with predominant collagen fibers

A

bone

80
Q

bone cells

A

osteocytes

81
Q

spaces that osteocytes are housed in

A

lacunae

82
Q

consists of systems of osteons/Haversian system

A

compact bone

83
Q

consist of thin, irregular plates of matrices called trabeculae

A

spongy bone

84
Q

spaces between spongy bone that are filled with red bone marrow

A

trabeculae

85
Q

location of osseous tissue

A

bones in the body

86
Q

function of osseous tissue

A

protection, support, energy storage, housing for blood-forming (hematopoietic) tissues, movement in coordination with muscles and joints

87
Q

also called vascular tissue, the “fibers” are soluble proteins which can be seen only during blood clotting

A

blood

88
Q

Considered as a connective tissue because it consists of different blood cells

A

vascular tissue

89
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

90
Q

white blood cells

A

leucocytes

91
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

92
Q

fluid matrix in vascular tissue

A

plasma

93
Q

location of vascular tissues

A

within blood vessels

94
Q

function of RBC

A

transport gases

95
Q

function of WBC

A

engage in phagocytosis, immunity, and allergic reactions

96
Q

function of platelets

A

blood clotting

97
Q

are elongated (called muscle fibers) and are specialized to contract or shorten to generate force to do work

A

muscle cells

98
Q

general characteristics of muscles

A

irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

99
Q

ability of muscles to respond to stimuli such as hormones and neurotransmitters and generate action potentials (impulses)

A

irritability

100
Q

ability of muscles to shorten and thicken to generate force to do work

A

contractility

101
Q

capability to be stretched without damaging the tissue

A

extensibility

102
Q

after contraction or extension, ability of tissue to return to its original shape

A

elasticity

103
Q

general functions of muscle tissue (4)

A

motion,
stabilization of posture,
organ volume regulation,
thermogenesis (generation of heat)

104
Q

generation of heat

A

thermogenesis

105
Q

different muscle tissue types

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

106
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of location

A

skeletal - attached to bones
cardiac - walls of heart
smooth - walls of hollow internal organs

107
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of shape

A

skeletal - cylindrical
cardiac - branching/anastomosing
smooth - spindle-like

108
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of number and location of nucleus per cell

A

skeletal - multinucleated/peripheral
cardiac - mono or binucleated/central
smooth - mononucleated/central

109
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of presence of striations

A

skeletal - present
cardiac -present
smooth - absent

110
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of nervous control

A

skeletal - voluntary
cardiac - involuntary
smooth - involuntary

111
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of special structures

A

skeletal - none
cardiac - intercalated disc
smooth - none

112
Q

difference between the muscle tissue types in terms of function

A

skeletal - motion, posture, thermogenesis
cardiac - pumps blood
smooth - motion associated with internal organs such as constriction of blood vessels and airways, peristalsis, contraction of urinary bladder and gall bladder

113
Q

consist only of two principal kinds of cells: neurons and neuroglia

A

nervous tissue

114
Q

receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one body part to another (e.g. other neurons, muscles, glands)

A

neurons

115
Q

basic parts of neurons

A

dendrites
cell body
axon

116
Q

highly branched; receive impulse and convey them to the cell body

A

dendrites

117
Q

integrates impulses

A

cell body

118
Q

long, cylindrical process; conveys impulses
from cell body to other neurons, muscles and glands

A

axons

119
Q

based on functions neurons can be (3)

A

sensory
association
motor

120
Q

types of neurons that conduct impulses from receptors to CNS

A

sensory/afferent

121
Q

types of neurons that conduct impulses to other association neurons including motor neurons

A

association/connecting

122
Q

type of neurons that conduct impulses to effectors such as muscles and glands

A

motor/efferent

123
Q

not capable of generating or conducting nerve impulses but they protect (e.g. microglia which are resident phagocytes), support, and nourish neurons

A

neuroglia

124
Q

function of neuroglia

A

protect microglia
support and nourish neurons

125
Q

serve as the myelinating cell of the PNS and support cells of peripheral neurons

A

schwann cells

Fundamentals of Zoology (23 decks)

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