Excretory System Flashcards
1
Q
process of removing various wastes produced by the body
A
excretion
2
Q
The following should be excreted by the body
A
excess water
salt
nitrogenous waste
3
Q
function of excretory system (4)
A
Maintain cell concentration of fluids
Regulate pH of blood and tissues
Remove metabolic wastes
Remove foreign substances and by-products of metabolism
4
Q
three form of waste in different kinds of animals
A
ammonia
urea
uric acid
5
Q
ammonia
A
NH3
6
Q
ammonia is excreted by:
A
protist
fishes
aquatic invertebrates
7
Q
uses contractile vacuoles
A
protists
8
Q
dumps NH3 across their gill surfaces
A
fishes
9
Q
excess water is eliminated in the form of very large amounts of very dilute urine produced by the kidneys
A
freshwater fishes
10
Q
constantly drink salt water and actively excrete salts in gills
A
marine fishes
11
Q
dumps NH3 across gill surfaces and general surface membranes
A
aquatic invertebrates
12
Q
ess toxic than NH3 because it is insoluble and continues to circulate in the blood as a suspension
A
uric acid
13
Q
secreted by birds
A
guano
14
Q
also produced and excreted by reptiles, insects, and land snails
A
uric acid
15
Q
urea
A
NH3+CO2
16
Q
water-soluble nitrogenous waste
A
urea
17
Q
excreted by few types of bony fishes, kangaroo, rats, man, and other mammals
A
urea
18
Q
amino acid not used in protein synthesis is converted to what
A
fat or carbs
19
Q
rank the nitrogenous waste basted on the water needed to excrete
A
most water - ammonia
least water - uric acid
20
Q
rank the nitrogenous waste based on energy needed to produce
A
easiest - ammonia
hardest - uric acid
21
Q
present among freshwater complex unicellular and multi-cellular organisms such as protozoa and sponges
A
contractile vacuole
22
Q
serve as organ for water balance
A
contractile vacuole
23
Q
collect and remove excess water that constantly enters that constantly enters the organism during osmosis since they are hypertonic to the surrounding water by squeezing them out the cell
A
contractile vacuole
24
Q
present among platyhelminths (flatworm and tapeworms) and annelids (earthworms and leeches)
A
nephridia
25
tubular structure for excretion of wastes
nephridia
26
types of nephridia
protonephridia
metanephridia
27
simplest and closed-system type of nephridia
protonephridia
28
flame-celled systems
protonephridia
29
branched tubes that runs throughout the body and open to the outside of the organism through pores
nephridia
30
within the tubules are specialized containing cilia (movement is like the flickering of flame) which move the water through ducts and eliminated through pores
flame cells
31
present in plathyhelminths like Dugesia, flukes, tapeworms
protonephridia
32
advanced and open type of nephridia
metanephridia
33
also known as “true” nephridia
metanephridia
34
contain network of blood vessels that assist in urine formation
metanephridia
35
present in annelids
metanephridia
36
components of nephridium (4)
nephrostome
coiled tubule
bladder
nephridiopore
37
open ciliated funnel that collects fluid from coelom and transports it to the coiled tubule
nephrostome
38
transport fluid from nephrostome to bladder
coiled tubule
39
opening to the outside
nephridiopore
40
present among crustaceans and is also known as “green gland” due to its color
antennal gland
41
paired glands situated at the ventral part of the head
antennal gland
42
components of antennal gland
sac
coiled tubule
bladder
43
components of antennal gland for filtration of blood
sac
44
components of antennal gland for reabsorption of salts
coiled tubule
45
urine and empties through the excretory pore
bladder
46
specialized excretory tubules situated at between the junction of midgut and hindgut of insects and spiders
malphigian tubule
47
collects waste (uric acid) from body fluids and excrete them through the anus together with the feces
malphigian tubule
48
main excretory organ
kidney
49
excretory product of the gut
feces
heat
50
excretory product of lungs
CO2
heat
51
excretory product of the skin
sweat
52
excretory product of liver
bile
53
water and some of the waste materials move from the tissue fluids into the bulbs or flame cells located at the ends of the side branches of tubules
protonephridia
54
the cilia in the flame cells create currents and move the collected fluid through the canals and out through the excretory pores where it leaves the body
protonephridia
55
fluid from the hemocoel or hemolymph is being
driven by the heart to the antennal gland
antennal gland
56
within the antennal gland is a sac which filters the what
hemolymph
57
filtered fluid passes to the what for reabsorption of water forming urine
labyrinth
58
collect fluid from the blood
malphigian tubules
59
Nitrogenous materials are precipitated as urid acid by reabsorption of water and salts
malphigian tubules
60
Urine passes through what part of the gut and then to the rectum
hindgut
61
where does water reabsorption happens
rectum
62
master organs of waste removal, water recycling, and salt balance
kidney
63
Participate in maintaining homeostasis, regulates blood: pH, pressure, volume, ionic composition (Na+ , K+)
kidney
64
Excrete waste and foreign substances
kidney
65
developmental stage in kidneys
pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros
66
transient and embryonic kidney in most fishes and amphibians
pronephros
67
Degenerates during development and is replaced by metanephros
pronephros
68
serve as adult kidney of fishes and amphibians
mesonephros
69
Serve as adult kidney of fishes and amphibians
mesonephros
70
Functional kidney of embryonic amniotes (reptiles, birds, mammals)
mesonephros
71
kidney of adult amniotes
metanephros
72
dark red, kidney bean-shaped organs which are retroperitoneal
kidney
73
size is about an adult fish
kidney
74
has hilus/hilum
kidney
75
serves as the entrance of blood vessels, nerves, and ureters
hilus/hilum
76
kidney is Covered with fat, with covering known as what
renal capsule
77
made up of mostly of millions of nephrons
renal cortex
78
Outer portion of the kidney; reddish brown and regulated
renal cortex
79
consist of blood vessels and cone-shaped structures called renal pyramids
renal medulla
80
Inner portion; lighter in color and striped in appearance
renal medulla
81
basin-like cavity which collect and transport urine to the ureter
renal pelvis
82
describe how the urine go to the renal pelvis from the nephron
Urine from nephron > collecting duct > minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis
83
functional and structural unit of kidney
nephron
84
site of urine formation
nephron
85
part of a nephron
renal or malphigian corpuscle
renal tubules
86
expanded chamber composed of:
renal or malphigian corpuscle
87
ball-shaped network of capillaries
glomerulus
88
surrounds the glomerulus
glomerular or bowman's capsule
89
twisted segments composed of
renal tubules
90
renal tubules are twisted segments composed of:
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
91
initially receives the filtrate coming from the glomerular capsule
PCT
92
consist of descending limb which serve as passageway of fluid into the medulla and the ascending limb as it returns to the cortex
loop of henle
93
last segment of nephron and terminates as it empties into a collecting duct
DCT
94
adapted for filtration
glomerulus
95
feeds the glomerulus which is larger in diameter so that the blood pressure in glomerulus is extremely high which forces fluid and solutes across the glomerular membrane to become the filtrate
afferent arteriole
96
the fluid and solute is drained by
efferent arteriole
97
low pressure and is adapted for absorption instead of filtration
peritubular capillaries
98
what has a higher pressure
glomerular or peritubular
glomerular
99
initial filtrate contains what
water
ions
sugars
amino acid
urea
100
Components of initial filtrate pass across filtration slits by what kind of transport
passive transport
101
Begins as soon as filtrate enters the PCT and returns most of the materials to the peritubular capillaries
tubular reabsorption
102
during this process, specific amount of substances are reabsorbed through
tubular reabsorption
103
at proximal convoluted tubule, what are reabsorbed
glucose
amino acids
Na_
104
what is not reabsorbed since DCT is impermeable to it
water
105
80-85% of water followspassively
what stage
PCT
106
performed simultaneously in the PCT and DCT
tubular secretion
107
emoves unwanted substances (H+, K+, NH3, some
drugs) from the blood to the forming urine
tubular secretion
108
makes drug testing possible
tubular secretion
109
process of forming urine
urination
110
voiding urine
micturition
111
transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder by means of peristalsis
ureter
112
storage sac of urine until micturition/voiding
urinary bladder
113
shape is based on the amount being stored
urinary bladder
114
can hold about 500 ml (a pint) of fluid
urinary bladder
115
tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior
urethra
116
in both sexes, function in discharge of urine from the body
urethra
117
facilitates discharge of semen in males
urethra
118
removes heat, water, CO2, small quantities of salts and urea
skin
119
removes heat, CO2, and a small amount of water in the form of moisture
lungs
120
removes CO2, water, salts, heat
gastrointestinal tract
121
combines NH2 with CO2 to form urea and release it to tbe lood
liver
122
converts NH3 to uric acid and release it to the blood
liver
123
regulates levels of digestive products in blood
liver
