W2_Innate Immunity Flashcards
what are the 4 C chemical components of the immune system?
cytokines, complement, chemokines, coagulation
what are TLRs?
toll-like receptors that are the most-studied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). they recognize PAMPs and DAMPs.
what is the inflammasome?
a compolex of multiple cytoplasmic proteins that cause IL-1 secretionasdf
what are the professional phagocytes?
macrophages, neutrophiles, dendritic cells, b cells
what is the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
NK cells come in to destroy cells that have been tagged with surface antibodies
what do TNFa/IL-1/IL-6 do?
cause inflammation w//fever, produce acute-phase liver proteins (CRP, MBL, etc)
what are the 3 complement pathways?
classical (antibody);
alternative (pathogen surfaces);
mannose-binding lectin
which complement is the key component?
C3;
C3b remains bound for opsonization. C3a is cleaved off and goes into the blood to increase permeability and activates phagocytes
what are components of the complement cascade?
C1 binds to antibody/antigens. needs two Fc regions.
C1a cleaves C4. C4b and C2 activate C3 convertase.
C3 convertase activates C5 convertase and results in the C6-C9 for the MAC attack
note: deficiency of early complement components (C4, C1, C2) do not usually predispose to severe infection
note: C4 deficiency associated with autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus
deficiency of late components (C5-C9) increase susceptibility to infections with bacteria of genus Neisseria
this includes gonorrhea and meningitis
deficiency of C3 leads to recurrent pyogenic infection and high rates of morbidity and mortality
bad stuff
what is hereditary angioneurotic edema?
C1INH deficiency, leading to higher levels of active C1. leads to more C2 = vasoactive peptides = swelling.
what’s febrile neutropenia?
what it states. highest risk when neutrophiles <500 cells/uL. infection less obvious because lack of pus and lack of classic inflammation signs
