W06_01 Principles of neoplasia

Question 1

What are the common patterns of metastatic disease?

Answer 1

.

Question 2

What’s the difference between dysplasia and preinvasive epithelial neoplasia

Answer 2

When the dysplasia occurs WITHIN epithelium and hasn’t penetrated, it’s called preinvasive epithelial neoplasm

Question 3

Recall that for hyperplasia, there’s both physiological and pathological avenues

Answer 3

.

Question 4

Define metaplasia

Answer 4

Reversible change from one normal cell type to another; epithelial or mesenchymal

Question 5

What are two components of neoplastic tissues?

Answer 5

Parenchyma (neoplastic cells) and reactive stroma

Question 6

Note that dysplasia can be either congenital or acquired

Answer 6

okay

Question 7

Name 5 cytologic features of dysplasia

Answer 7

Loss of polarity;
nuclear stratification;
nuclear atypia;
pleomorphism;
mitoses

Question 8

define hamartoma

Answer 8

disorganized proliferation of cells indigenous to the site of the lesion

Question 9

define choristoma

Answer 9

organized group of cells from outside the site of lesion;
congenital

Question 10

Recall the benign/malignant nomenclature rule

Answer 10

benign ends in -oma. Malignant ends in -sarcoma, -blastoma, -carcinoma

Question 11

What’s the suffix for malignant tissue of the mesenchyme?

Answer 11

-sarcoma

Question 12

What’s the suffix for malignant tissue of epithelium?

Answer 12

-carcinoma

Question 13

What’s the suffix for malignant tissue of unknown origin?

Answer 13

None, called undifferentiated malignant tumour

Question 14

What’s the difference between a mixed tumour and a teratoma?

Answer 14

Mixed tumour results from differentiation of a single neoplastic clone, while teratoma is a tumour of multiple germ lines from totipotent stem cells

Question 15

What are excepts to the benign -oma rule?

Answer 15

lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, seminoma

Question 16

Define anaplasia

Answer 16

lack of differentiation - can’t tell what the cell is

Question 17

Note: some benign tumours will express proteins found in other cell types. This happens in paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 17

okay

Question 18

What do you call marked dysplastic changes that occur across the entire thickness of epithelium?

Answer 18

Carcinoma in situ

Question 19

What are the three pathways for metastasis?

Answer 19

Seeding into body cavities/surfaces;
lymphatics;
hematogenous

Question 20

Know benign vs malignant

Answer 20

okay

Question 21

For tumours, what does the grading refer to?

Answer 21

degree of differentiation

Question 22

For tumours, what does the staging refer to?

Answer 22

extent of spread of cancer

Question 23

How is an in situ lesion staged?

Answer 23

T0; T1-T4 is various stages that have infiltrated the basement membrane