W06_09 Principles of Immunization

Question 1

note: inactivated toxoids and killed viruses or subunits require repeated boosters for proper immunity

Answer 1

okay

Question 2

note: live vaccines and conjugates allow for longer-lasting immunity

Answer 2

okay

Question 3

in 2010, what did GSK say was in their rotavirus vaccine?

Answer 3

porcine circovirus (PCV-1) but note this wasn’t replicative in humans, so no big deal

Question 4

what are two conjugate vaccines we give for meningococcal disease?

Answer 4

menactra (group C vaccine)

4CMenB (group B vaccine)

Question 5

what’s the difference between conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines?

Answer 5

conjugate is attached to proteins while polysaccharide is attached to sugars

Question 6

what conjugate vaccines can we give for pneumococcus?

Answer 6

prevnar 7

prevnar 13

Question 7

what are some complications of varicella?

Answer 7

bacterial skin infections,
CNS (ataxia, encephalitis, rash),
bunch of others

Question 8

what does gardasil vaccinate against?

Answer 8

HPV 6,11,16,18

Question 9

what’s an antigenic drift?

Answer 9

minor amino acid change

Question 10

what’s an antigenic shift?

Answer 10

major changes in H and N antigens

Question 11

what are the major influenza antigenic types?

Answer 11

A,B,C

Question 12

for vaccine development, when does the identification of likely strains occur?

Answer 12

Jan-May

Question 13

for vaccine development, when does the development occur?

Answer 13

June-Sept

Question 14

where does the flu vaccine come from?

Answer 14

chicken embryos

Question 15

how many cases/deaths came from swine flu (H1N1)?

Answer 15

94000 cases

429 deaths

Question 16

how many cases/deaths came from avian flu (H5N1)

Answer 16

608 cases, 359 deaths

Question 17

what causes pertussis?

Answer 17

bordetella pertussis

Question 18

how does the pertussis organism attach to the host tissue

Answer 18

filamentous hemagglutinin;
fimbriae;
pertactin

Question 19

what’s in the pertussis vaccine?

Answer 19

5 acellular components. no LPS, compared to other attempts at making a vaccine

Question 20

what are some theories for the resurgence of pertussis?

Answer 20

• no lifelong immunity;
• increased awareness and testing;
• more sensitive tests;
• bacterial evolution over time

Question 21

what do we give now for pertussis boosters?

Answer 21

Tdap (Adacel)

Question 22

what’s the cocoon strategy of protecting infants from pertussis?

Answer 22

vaccinate everyone around the baby

Question 23

how do they give infants pertussis vaccine?

Answer 23

intranasal, to simulate the infection of the actual disease