W1_10 Nutritional diseases 1 Flashcards
How do celiac disease and crohn’s disease affect malnutrition?
They are malabsorption syndromes
What is PEM?
Protein-energy malnutrition
How prevalent is PEM?
Affects 25% of children in 3rd world countries
How much does a malnourished child weigh, as a percentage of normal?
80%
What is kwashiorkor?
Protein deficiency, but caloric is maintained. Affects the visceral protein compartment. Person has metabolic issues
What is marasmus?
Protein and energy deficiency. Affects the somatic compartment and the person thins. Weight 60% of normal. Decreased leptin because less fat.
What is kwashiorkor?
Weight 60-80% of normal. Hypoalbuminenia and edema. Flaky paint skin lesions. Hair changes.
What is cachexia?
PEM, secondary to chronic illness, such as cancer or AIDS. Looks like marasmus, but moreso due to increased BMR than lack of eating.
Name a few cytokines that can cause cachexia.
TNF, IL-2, IL-6, PIF (proteolysis inducing factor)
What endocrine effects does anorexia nervosa have?
Gonadal function, thyroid, calcium metabolism, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities
Name 3 complications of bulimia
electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia)
pulmonary aspiration
esophageal/gastric cardia tears/rupture
Where does leptin come from?
adipose tissue
where does adiponectin come from?
adipose tissue
where does ghrelin come from?
stomach
POMC and CART are what kind of signalling?
anorexigenic
