W04_07 URTI

Question 1

what’s in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

nose, nasal cavity, ethmoidal air cells, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, sphenoidal sinus, larynx, trachea

Question 2

therapies for the common cold?

Answer 2

intranasal/oral nasal decongestants;
ipratropium decongestion;
robitussin, etc etc

Question 3

how is vitamin C for the common cold?

Answer 3

prophylactically might decrease severity and duration of cold symptoms, but not recommended for active treatment

Question 4

what is acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 4

face pain. purulent/bloody nasal discharge. URI illness followed by persistence > 7 days or worsening after 5 days

Question 5

what causes acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 5

majority are viruses;
strep pneumo.;
haemophilus influenzae;
beta-hemolytic strep.
staph.aureus;
anerobes;

Question 6

which clinical symptoms would suggest a bacterial acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 6

nasal obstruction or purulent discharge HAS to be present;

Question 7

how can acute rhinosinusitis complicate?

Answer 7

osteitis, meningitis, brain abscess, intracranial venous sinus infection

Question 8

treatment for acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 8

antibiotics only for bacterial sinusitis;

otherwise, relieve symptoms. treat people after 7 days. nasal steroids not effective.

Question 9

which antibiotic for bacterial rhinosinusitis?

Answer 9

amoxicilin (first line)

Question 10

what’s pharyngitis?

Answer 10

inflammation of pharynx. acute sore throat

Question 11

what’s the most common organism of pharyngitis?

Answer 11

virus. then streptococcal (group A).

Question 12

goals of treatment of strep pharyngitis?

Answer 12

prevent acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis;
prevent suppurative complications;
prevent nec.fasc.;
relieve symptoms;
give penicillin V or erythromycin;

Question 13

how to diagnose strep pharyngitis?

Answer 13

throat swab and culture

Question 14

coxsackie A virus causes what?

Answer 14

hand, foot, mouth disease in children

Question 15

what causes infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 15

usually by EBV, but can be others too

Question 16

how to diagnose mono?

Answer 16

mono spot or heterophile agglutination test for detecting IgM antibodies that cross react with antigens on sheep or horse RBCs

Question 17

what’s the most worrisome risk factor of mono?

Answer 17

ruptured spleen (0.5-1%)

Question 18

what’s lemierre’s syndrome?

Answer 18

thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. can lead to septic shock and death. 18% mortality.

Question 19

what’s the biggest cause of croup?

Answer 19

parainfluenza, types 1,2,3 (65% of cases). usually in kids 1-6

Question 20

what’s the treatment for croup?

Answer 20

dexamethasone, or epinephrine for symptom relief

Question 21

what is epiglottitis?

Answer 21

inflammation of epiglottis. medical emergency. can give antibiotics like cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefluroxime

Question 22

what’s acute bronchitis?

Answer 22

acute resp. infection with cough, w or w/o phlegm. up to 3 weeks

Question 23

what causes acute bronchitis?

Answer 23

usually resp viruses (80-90%).

Question 24

how to diagnose acute bronchitis?

Answer 24

r/o pneumonia, asthma, COPD exacerbations. don’t use antibiotics, generally. don’t use beta 2 agonists

Question 25

how to diagnose influenza?

Answer 25

influenza A & B antigen testing

Question 26

treatment of influenza?

Answer 26

supportive care, oseltamivir, amantidine.