W07_02 Neoplasia Epidemiology & Carcinogenesis

Question 1

how many new cases of cancer in canada in 2013?

Answer 1

187,600

Question 2

what percentage of canadians will develop cancer in their lifetimes?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

what percentage of canadians will die of cancer?

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

what are the three most prevalent cancers in men?

Answer 4

prostate,
lung,
colon/rectum

Question 5

what are the three most prevalent cancers in women?

Answer 5

breast,
lung,
colon/rectum

Question 6

what are the three most lethal cancers in men?

Answer 6

lung,
prostate,
colon/rectum

Question 7

what are the three most lethal cancers in women?

Answer 7

lung,
breast,
colon/rectum

Question 8

prostate cancer is highest in which race?

Answer 8

african american (chromosome 8q24)

Question 9

prostate cancer is lowest in which race?

Answer 9

asian (chromosome 8q24)

Question 10

etiology of cancer?

Answer 10

genomic stability;
inherited mutation;
acquired mutation

Question 11

what percentage of cancers have a notable hereditary component?

Answer 11

5-10%

Question 12

what is li-fraumeni syndrome?

Answer 12

a TP53 suppressor gene mutation that exposes a person to an increased generalized cancer risk of multiple types

Question 13

what kind of tumours is von-hippel lindau syndrome (inherited) associated with?

Answer 13

kidney and brain

Question 14

what’s lynch syndrome?

Answer 14

also called hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. mismatch repair gene mutation that causes high risk of colon cancer

Question 15

what’s xeroderma pigmentosum?

Answer 15

defect in nucleoside-excision repair for UV-crosslinked skin DNA. increase risk of skin cancer

Question 16

key point: the inherited genes that cause cancer can also be normal at birth, and then acquire the same cancer-causing mutation

Answer 16

no clinical difference between the two.

Question 17

what are clinical features of familial predisposition to cancer?

Answer 17

early age of onset;
cancer in 2 or more relatives;
multiple or bilateral tumours.
note: no specific marker phenotype, and transmission pattern isn’t clear

Question 18

know how mutations are acquired in cancer

Answer 18

okay

Question 19

what kind of carcinogens are alkylating agents?

Answer 19

direct-acting

Question 20

what kind of carcinogens are polycyclic hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, aromatic amines, azo dye?

Answer 20

indirect-acting

Question 21

which type of UV is associated with risk of skin cancer?

Answer 21

UVB

Question 22

what’s Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus 1?

Answer 22

HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that can initiate leukemia in 3-5% of those infected. hits CD4+ t cells preferentially. insidious cancer progression.

Question 23

which HPV strains cause cancer?

Answer 23

HPV 16, 18

Question 24

which HPV strains cause genital warts (condylomas)?

Answer 24

HPV 6, 11

Question 25

hepB/hepC account for what percentage of liver cancers?

Answer 25

70-80%

Question 26

EBV can cause which cancers?

Answer 26

burkitt’s lymphoma;
b cell lymphoma in immunocompromised patients;
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 27

how does h.pylori use genetics to cause cancer?

Answer 27

CagA gene is injected into host cell and causes proliferation;

Question 28

how does h.pylori cause cancer outside of genetics?

Answer 28

chronic inflammation