W07_02 Neoplasia Epidemiology & Carcinogenesis Flashcards
how many new cases of cancer in canada in 2013?
187,600
what percentage of canadians will develop cancer in their lifetimes?
40%
what percentage of canadians will die of cancer?
25%
what are the three most prevalent cancers in men?
prostate,
lung,
colon/rectum
what are the three most prevalent cancers in women?
breast,
lung,
colon/rectum
what are the three most lethal cancers in men?
lung,
prostate,
colon/rectum
what are the three most lethal cancers in women?
lung,
breast,
colon/rectum
prostate cancer is highest in which race?
african american (chromosome 8q24)
prostate cancer is lowest in which race?
asian (chromosome 8q24)
etiology of cancer?
genomic stability;
inherited mutation;
acquired mutation
what percentage of cancers have a notable hereditary component?
5-10%
what is li-fraumeni syndrome?
a TP53 suppressor gene mutation that exposes a person to an increased generalized cancer risk of multiple types
what kind of tumours is von-hippel lindau syndrome (inherited) associated with?
kidney and brain
what’s lynch syndrome?
also called hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. mismatch repair gene mutation that causes high risk of colon cancer
what’s xeroderma pigmentosum?
defect in nucleoside-excision repair for UV-crosslinked skin DNA. increase risk of skin cancer
key point: the inherited genes that cause cancer can also be normal at birth, and then acquire the same cancer-causing mutation
no clinical difference between the two.
what are clinical features of familial predisposition to cancer?
early age of onset;
cancer in 2 or more relatives;
multiple or bilateral tumours.
note: no specific marker phenotype, and transmission pattern isn’t clear
know how mutations are acquired in cancer
okay
what kind of carcinogens are alkylating agents?
direct-acting
what kind of carcinogens are polycyclic hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, aromatic amines, azo dye?
indirect-acting
which type of UV is associated with risk of skin cancer?
UVB
what’s Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus 1?
HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that can initiate leukemia in 3-5% of those infected. hits CD4+ t cells preferentially. insidious cancer progression.
which HPV strains cause cancer?
HPV 16, 18
which HPV strains cause genital warts (condylomas)?
HPV 6, 11
hepB/hepC account for what percentage of liver cancers?
70-80%
EBV can cause which cancers?
burkitt’s lymphoma;
b cell lymphoma in immunocompromised patients;
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
how does h.pylori use genetics to cause cancer?
CagA gene is injected into host cell and causes proliferation;
how does h.pylori cause cancer outside of genetics?
chronic inflammation
