W04_06 Pneumonia

Question 1

what is pneumonia?

Answer 1

lower resp tract infection with proliferation of microorganisms in the alveoli, resulting in a local inflammatory response

Question 2

pathogenesis of pneumonia? (3 broad categories)

Answer 2

aspiration;
inhalation;
hematogenous

Question 3

what are our defense mechanisms against pneumonia?

Answer 3

nasal filtration (dem hairs);
upper airway reflexes (sneezing);
mucociliary function;
alveolar macrophages, IgA, C’

Question 4

biggest cause of pneumonia in children?

Answer 4

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 5

most common pathogen of hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 5

gram-negative bacilli

Question 6

complications of pneumonia?

Answer 6

lung abscess, empyema, pleural effusion, bacteremia, metastatic infection

Question 7

how to test for respiratory viruses?

Answer 7

nasopharyngeal swab -> PCR

Question 8

how to test for mycoplasma?

Answer 8

nasopharyngeal swab -> PCR

Question 9

how to test for legionella?

Answer 9

culture or urinary antigen serology or PCR

Question 10

what’s the protocol for evaluating patients with hospitalizing pneumonia?

Answer 10

CXR,
arterial blood gas analysis;
CBC;
blood culture;
suptum gram stain, culture;
optional: legionella, vrius, serology, pleural fluid, acid-fast stain

Question 11

treatment for pneumonia?

Answer 11

supportive therapy: oxygenation + hydration;

antimicrobial therapy

Question 12

pneumonia prevention?

Answer 12

influenza, pneumoccal vaccines