~~~ W2 QUIZ Flashcards
Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ________
A) Effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding.
B) Classification of disorders cannot be done without such information.
C) Such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.
D) Disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology.
C) Such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.
Dr. Fox studies the causes of depression. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the ________ of depression.
A) Etiology
B) Epidemiology
C) Prevalence
D) Resiliency
A) Etiology
Etiology is ________
A) A condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior.
B) The causal pattern of a disorder.
C) A predisposition toward developing a disorder.
D) A condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative consequences of stress.
B) The causal pattern of a disorder.
In order to develop chicken pox, one must be exposed to the virus that causes chicken pox. Note, however, that not everyone who is exposed to the virus is affected. In other words, the virus is a ________
A) Risk factor.
B) Necessary cause.
C) Sufficient cause.
D) Contributory cause.
B) Necessary cause.
While having a gene for Parkinson’s disease guarantees that Parkinson’s disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson’s disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________
A) Risk factor; sufficient cause
B) Sufficient cause; necessary cause
C) Necessary cause; risk factor
D) Contributory cause; sufficient cause
B) Sufficient cause; necessary cause
If having a gene for Parkinson’s disease guarantees that Parkinson’s disease will develop, the presence of the gene can be described as a ________
A) Risk factor.
B) Necessary cause.
C) Sufficient cause.
D) Contributory cause.
C) Sufficient cause.
Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true?
A) The gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia.
B) There are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia.
C) Most people with schizophrenia will have that gene.
D) A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.
D) A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.
Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a ________
A) Necessary contributory cause.
B) Proximal contributory cause.
C) Reinforcing contributory cause.
D) Distal contributory cause.
D) Distal contributory cause.
Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of 5. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder due to the same abuse. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be ________
a. both a sufficient and a necessary cause.
b. both a reinforcing contributory cause and
a punishing contributory cause.
c. both a primary and a secondary process.
d. both a proximal and a distal causal factor.
d. both a proximal and a distal causal factor
A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that in this example of bidirectionality
A) The drinking is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage.
B) The rejection is probably the actual predisposing cause for the problems in this marriage.
C) The drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other.
D) The drinking and rejection are caused by another third variable unknown to the couple.
C) The drinking and rejection influence and maintain each other.
A diathesis can best be described as a ________
A) Proximal necessary cause.
B) Sufficient cause.
C) Contributory cause.
D) Proximal causal factor.
C) Contributory cause.
A predisposition toward developing a disorder ________
A) Necessarily is biological.
B) Is called a diathesis.
C) Increases the likelihood of developing any given disorder by 50 percent.
D) Necessarily is a psycho-social stressor.
B) Is called a diathesis.
In the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is ________
A) A distal, sufficient cause of a mental disorder.
B) A necessary or contributory cause that is distal from the onset of symptoms.
C) A necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms.
D) A biological vulnerability.
C) A necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms.
Suppose that low self-esteem is a diathesis for developing depression later in life. This means that ________
A) People who currently are depressed will have low self-esteem.
B) Low self-esteem is a proximal trigger for depression.
C) People with low self-esteem have a predisposition for developing depression.
D) The psychological processes associated with low self-esteem will always trigger depression.
C) People with low self-esteem have a predisposition for developing depression.
The loss of a parent may be ________
A) A stressor.
B) A diathesis.
C) A diathesis and/or a stressor.
D) Neither a diathesis nor a stressor.
C) A diathesis and/or a stressor.
The additive model of the diathesis-stress theory proposes that ________
A) People with a very high level of a diathesis may need a very large amount of stress to develop the disorder.
B) People with a very high level of a diathesis may need only a small amount of stress to develop the disorder.
C) Someone with no diathesis will never develop the disorder.
D) Someone with no genes for the disorder will never develop the disorder.
B) People with a very high level of a diathesis may need only a small amount of stress to develop the disorder.
A protective factor is ________
A) An influence that modifies a person’s response to environmental stressors.
B) An influence that modifies a person’s response to genetic problems.
C) A distal causal factor for a mental disorder.
D) A biological makeup that makes people more resistant to stress.
A) An influence that modifies a person’s response to environmental stressors.
Ryan, age 8, was cut from the school soccer team. After the initial disappointment, he became a boy scout, which he really enjoyed. Now as an adult, when he did not get into graduate school, rather than become depressed, Ryan found a job in his field that he enjoys, and plans to try again later. This is an example of ________
A) A necessary and sufficient cause.
B) The diathesis-stress theory.
C) The interactive model of the diathesis-stress theory.
D) The steeling or inoculation effect of some stressful experiences.
D) The steeling or inoculation effect of some stressful experiences.
According to the text, which of the following has not been identified as a potential protective factor?
A) Exposure to moderate stressors
B) High intelligence
C) An introverted personality
D) A warm and supportive parent
C) An introverted personality
When psychologists say that a person shows resilience, it means ________
A) The person has not been faced with significant stressors.
B) That regardless of the stresses the person faces, he or she will feel no emotional distress.
C) The person can successfully adapt and survive in threatening circumstances.
D) Recovering from traumatic events without the need for psychological protective factors.
C) The person can successfully adapt and survive in threatening circumstances.
Which of the following is an example of the phenomena that the term resilience has been used to describe?
A) Julie dreams of becoming a successful lawyer but never finished college.
B) After failing French the first time, Carl did not earn a passing grade when he took the course for a second time.
C) After his father died, Julio had a hard time maintaining responsibilities at work.
D) Following the events of September 11, the children of PS100 in New York City were able to resume their studies and finish the school year without incident.
D) Following the events of September 11, the children of PS100 in New York City were able to resume their studies and finish the school year without incident.
Resilient children ________
A) Show resilience in all domains.
B) May still experience emotional distress.
C) Usually have survived chronic maltreatment.
D) Are increasingly rare.
B) May still experience emotional distress.
